Abstract: Process for the production of oriented grain electrical steel strips, in which a silicon steel, comprising at least 30 ppm of S, is directly cast as strip 1.5-4.5 mm thick and cold rolled to a final thickness of between 1.0 and 0.15 mm; characterised by the following staged: Cooling and deformation of the solidified strip to obtain a second phases distribution in which 600 cm−1<Iz<1500 cm−1 and Iy=1.9 Fv/r (cm−1), Fv being the volume fraction of second phases stable at temperatures of less than 800° C., and r being the precipitates mean radius, in cm.; Hot rolling between solidification and coiling of the strip at a temperature of not less than 750° C., with a reduction ratio of between 15 and 60%; Cold rolling with reduction ratio of 60-92%; Cold rolled strip annealing at 750-1100° C., with increase of the nitrogen content of at least 30 ppm with respect to the initial composition at the strip core, in nitriding atmosphere.

Abstract: By forming, after the annealing of the continuously cast body, a limited number of precipitates apt to the control of the grain growth, and utilising a cold rolling reduction ratio of at least 70%, it is possible to obtain in a subsequent step of continuous nitriding the direct formation of nitrides useful for the grain growth control and subsequently, still in a continuous treatment, to at least start the oriented secondary recrystallization.

Abstract: A process for the production of oriented-grain electrical steel sheet with high magnetic characteristics, and more precisely a process in which the slab obtained from continuous casting is continuously nitrided by a reaction between aluminium and nitrogen is described. Amount, size and distribution of precipitates are controlled, enabling a high-temperature continuous heat treatment during which the primary-recrystallization and a high-temperature nitriding are realized.

Abstract: During the treatment of electrical steel, a careful combination of heat treatment of the slab with a specific primary recrystallization and nitriding treatment allows for control of the distribution, quantity and dimensions of precipitates in order to obtain a homogeneous precipitation of nitrogen compounds by direct reaction of the absorbed nitrogen with aluminum during the nitriding step.

Abstract: In the production of grain-oriented electrical steel strip, the grain growth inhibition is controlled by balancing the copper, aluminum and carbonium content in order to control the type and quantity of precipitated second phases and obtain optimum grain dimensions during the decarburization annealing. This is done by using a continuous high-temperature thermal treatment in which nitrogen is diffused into the steel strip and aluminum is directly precipitated as aluminum nitride which controls the grain orientation of the final product.

Abstract: The production of grain-oriented electrical steel sheets is disclosed wherein grain growth in the steel is inhibited by a method comprising the regulation of the content of sulfur and manganese in the steel strp and the cold rolled strip is continuously nitrided at high temperature.

Abstract: A process for the production of oriented-grain electrical steel sheet with high magnetic characteristics, and more precisely a process in which the slab obtained from continuous casting is continuously nitrided by a reaction between aluminium and nitrogen is described. Amount, size and distribution of precipitates are controlled, enabling a high-temperature continuous heat treatment during which the primarv-recrystallization and a high-temperature nitriding are realised.

Abstract: A process for the production of grain oriented silicon steel sheet which provides an optimization of the production of conventional, grain oriented silicon steel strips, by the use of an appropriate synergistic combination of the composition levels of some elements and appropriate treatments which result in the control of the presence and type of inhibitors, and by so doing, controlling the primary-recrystallization grain size.

Abstract: In the production of high permeability electrical steel, the control of condition of thin slab continuous casting allows to obtain advantageous solidification structures and precipitates. This, in turn, allows to decritize the process for controlling the grain dimensions and to add nitrogen to the cold rolled sheet, such as to immediately form aluminum nitride.

Abstract: In the production of grain oriented electrical steel sheet, controlling the condition of thin slab continuous casting results in advantageous solidification structures and precipitates. The steel has an initial content of carbon less than 300 ppm and an initial content of acid-soluble aluminum higher than that normally used for said type of steel. During the final processing steps, the annealed sheet is nitrided through a limited amount of nitrogen. This, in turn, renders the process for controlling the grain dimensions much less critical and results in a constant quality product.

Abstract: A process for producing YBCO powders by pyrolysis involves preparing a clear aqueous solution containing the ions yttrium, barium and copper, in the final proportions desired for the powder, in the form of complex compounds, preferably citric complex compounds, and in the presence of a detonating system such as a combination of ammonium ions and nitrate ions. The clear solution is then concentrated by evaporation, until a violent combustion is triggered which is carried out at a high temperature, higher than 250.degree. C. and preferably higher than 850.degree. C.

Abstract: A device for the continuous production of ceramic conductors, for example, yttrium, barium and copper oxide type, which includes an endless belt and a tank and conduit for feeding solution from the tank onto the endless belt to form a liquid layer containing the desired proportion of metal ions on the endless belt. The endless belt passes through a furnace where the liquid is evaporated from the liquid layer and the residual metal salts are treated in an oxidizing atmosphere to produce ceramic oxides. A scraper is provided to remove the resulting ceramic oxides from the endless belt.