Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer program product provide for providing quality of service management during immersive content consumption. In the context of a method, the method includes receiving a first request comprising a positioning error set. The method also includes determining, based at least on the first request, an enhanced quality of service (QoS) indicator representing a QoS for a client device associated with the positioning error set. The method also includes causing transmission of a first response comprising configuration data related to a QoS flow for the client device, the configuration data being based at least on the enhanced QoS indicator.

Abstract: Disclosed are two methods, the first method comprising receiving a plurality of data packets, producing a coded data packet by coding together at least two data packets, wherein at least one of the at least two data packets is comprised in the received plurality of data packets or in a coding buffer, transmitting the at least two data packets to a first subset of legs, transmitting the coded data packets to a second subset of legs, and determining if the at least two data packets are to be duplicated based on, at least partly, one or more of the following: a notification, a condition, or a first indication.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment, a client device is configured to receive a validation model from a centralised unit device, wherein the validation model includes a machine learning model configured to predict an output from an input based on a plurality of model parameters; collect radio measurements corresponding to the input of the validation model and parameters corresponding to the output of the validation model; obtain predicted parameters as the output of the validation model by feeding the collected radio measurements as the input into the validation model; compare the collected parameters and the predicted parameters; compute a plurality of gradient vectors for the plurality of model parameters of the validation model based on the comparison between the collected parameters and the predicted parameters; and transmit the plurality of gradient vectors for the plurality of model parameters of the validation model to the centralised unit device.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus comprising means for: receiving (900), from a terminal, a request for a service level of an extended reality application, wherein the request includes an indication of a terminal capability and/or terminal preference; determining (902) a service level based on the terminal capability and/or the terminal preference; and sending (904), to the terminal, a response to the request for a service level, wherein the service level indicates that extended reality application processing is to be performed by the terminal, by the apparatus or split between the terminal and the apparatus.

Abstract: Described herein are methods, apparatuses, and computer program products configured to synchronize radio bearers carrying data flows and/or control flows from a network entity or node within a communication system (e.g., a 5G network), towards user equipment, in order to achieve a desired Quality of Experience (QoE) for applications with multiple data streams and multiple quality of service (QoS) flows whose QoS requirements depend on each other. In some embodiments, two or more data radio bearers (DRBs) for carrying data from a single application, such as extended reality, virtual reality, augmented reality, or the like, e.g. online game streaming, may be synchronized in order to ensure desired QoE for an application with multiple QoS flows.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for enhancement of quality of service flows, for extended reality services or other services are proposed. For example, a method can include receiving a plurality of quality of service parameters for first packet-based communication. The quality of service parameters can include a packet delay budget for the first packet-based communication having a first end time. The plurality of quality of service parameters can further include a packet validity time for the first packet-based communication having a second end time equal to or later than the first end time. The packet validity time can be applicable to the first packet-based communication on a protocol data unit session basis, a quality of service flow basis, a set of protocol data units basis, or a packet basis. The method can also include transmitting the packet of the first packet-based communication to a further communication device.

Abstract: An apparatus performs classifying received data frames into a plurality of classes based on parameters of the received data frames, and determining a class from the plurality of classes for a next data frame based on the parameters of the previously received data frames. The determination is performed before the next data frame has arrived. A scheduling configuration is determined from a plurality of scheduling configurations based on the determined class of the next data frame. Each of the plurality of scheduling configurations comprises at least one parameter. The at least one parameter of the selected scheduling configuration is adjusted based on i) the determined class of the next data frame, and ii) information about previous communications of data frames by the network entity. The selected scheduling configuration is activated in the terminal with the at least one adjusted parameter.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer program product are disclosed for modifying the transmission of media content update packets based on a determination that the elapsed uplink time and remaining downlink time in the aggregate are within a satisfactory round-trip delay time. In this regard, the method, apparatus, and computer program product are configured to correlate a returned media content update packet with an associated device update packet or packets. Correlating media content update packets with an associated device update packet may require identifying a returned packet containing a media content update by analyzing packets containing video streams to identify packets comprising reference video frames. Identifying reference video frame packets may assist in identifying the associated uplink packet or packets containing device pose and position or other user input.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to the field of wireless communications, and in particular to techniques for efficiently transferring, among network nodes, an access context required to initiate data transfer when a user equipment (UE) is in an active or suspended Radio Access Network (RAN) connection state. The techniques disclosed herein involve identifying, based on UE-specific data (such, for example, as mobility information, a traffic profile), one or more relevant network nodes where the UE in the suspended RAN connection state could be located at the time when next data transfer needs to be initiated. After that, the access context is sent from an anchor network node to said one or more relevant network nodes. By sending the access context in this manner, network signalling overhead and storage capacity overhead may be significantly reduced.

Abstract: A method comprises when a first data unit is to be transmitted on a plurality of different transmission paths determining, in dependence on at least one condition or indication if a) a copy of the first data unit is to be transmitted on one or more of the plurality of different transmission paths and/or if b) one or more coded data units are to be transmitted on one or more of the plurality of different transmission paths, a coded data unit being provided by coding the first data unit with at least one other preceding data unit. The method further comprises in dependence on said determining, causing the transmitting of one or more copies of the first data unit and/or one or more coded data units on respective ones of the plurality of different transmission paths.

Abstract: Techniques for determining a discontinuous reception configuration are disclosed. A user equipment may receive a discontinuous reception configuration from a network entity. The user equipment may select one or more discontinuous reception parameters to modify based at least in part on the received indication of a particular data burst class to be transmitted. The user equipment may receive a data burst and a selection command from the network entity. The user equipment selects one or more discontinuous reception parameters to modify based at least in part on the received indication of whether to apply the one or more adaptive parameters after the transmission of a current data burst is complete.

Abstract: Techniques for determining a discontinuous reception configuration are disclosed. A user equipment may receive a discontinuous reception configuration from a network entity. The user equipment may select one or more discontinuous reception parameters to modify based at least in part on the received indication of a particular data burst class to be transmitted. The user equipment may receive a data burst and a selection command from the network entity. The user equipment selects one or more discontinuous reception parameters to modify based at least in part on the received indication of whether to apply the one or more adaptive parameters after the transmission of a current data burst is complete.

Abstract: Disclosed are two methods, the first method comprising receiving a plurality of data packets, producing a coded data packet by coding together at least two data packets, wherein at least one of the at least two data packets is comprised in the received plurality of data packets or in a coding buffer, transmitting the at least two data packets to a first subset of legs, transmitting the coded data packets to a second subset of legs, and determining if the at least two data packets are to be duplicated based on, at least partly, one or more of the following: a notification, a condition, or a first indication.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising obtaining a reliability estimate indicating transmission success probability for a plurality of transmission legs and assigning a data packet type to a subset of the plurality of transmission legs based at least partly on said reliability estimate.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for real-time uplink (UL) power control are provided. One method may include estimating, by a network node, a power allocation function for determining power allocation across a plurality of legs that transmit simultaneously, the power allocation function being based on radio channel statistics and network performance metrics. The method may then include signaling, to a user equipment, the power allocation function and the parameters used to compute an output of the power allocation function.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for real-time uplink (UL) power control are provided. One method may include estimating, by a network node, a power allocation function for determining power allocation across a plurality of legs that transmit simultaneously, the power allocation function being based on radio channel statistics and network performance metrics. The method may then include signaling, to a user equipment, the power allocation function and the parameters used to compute an output of the power allocation function.

Abstract: A device for controlling network routing configurations is configured to obtain a predicted traffic matrix and a plurality of traffic matrices, and to determine, from a plurality of clusters, arranged in a hierarchical structure over the predicted traffic matrix and the plurality of traffic matrices, a first cluster allocated to a lower hierarchy level that contains the predicted traffic matrix. Each of the clusters is associated with a routing configuration, and the plurality of clusters are allocated to at least two different hierarchy levels. The device selects, from the plurality of clusters, a second cluster allocated to a higher hierarchy level that includes at least the first cluster and a third cluster allocated to the lower hierarchy level that contains a current traffic matrix, determine a second routing configuration associated with the second cluster; and activate the second routing configuration as a network routing configuration.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to the field of wireless communications, and in particular to techniques for efficiently transferring, among network nodes, an access context required to initiate data transfer when a user equipment (UE) is in an active or suspended Radio Access Network (RAN) connection state. The techniques disclosed herein involve identifying, based on UE-specific data (such, for example, as mobility information, a traffic profile), one or more relevant network nodes where the UE in the suspended RAN connection state could be located at the time when next data transfer needs to be initiated. After that, the access context is sent from an anchor network node to said one or more relevant network nodes. By sending the access context in this manner, network signalling overhead and storage capacity overhead may be significantly reduced.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for determining multiple disjoint constrained paths in a communications network are disclosed. The method includes selecting upper bounds QoS metrics for each path in a disjoint combination of paths having two or more disjoint paths between a source node and a destination node; determining a minimum-cost disjoint path combination, and a minimum-QoS metric disjoint path combination; computing a maximum QoS metric by summing the QoS metrics of each minimum-cost path in the minimum-cost disjoint path combination, and computing a minimum QoS metric by summing the QoS metrics of each minimum-QoS metric path in the minimum-QoS metric disjoint path combination.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for determining multiple disjoint constrained paths in a communications network are disclosed. The method includes selecting upper bounds QoS metrics for each path in a disjoint combination of paths having two or more disjoint paths between a source node and a destination node; determining a minimum-cost disjoint path combination, and a minimum-QoS metric disjoint path combination; computing a maximum QoS metric by summing the QoS metrics of each minimum-cost path in the minimum-cost disjoint path combination, and computing a minimum QoS metric by summing the QoS metrics of each minimum-QoS metric path in the minimum-QoS metric disjoint path combination.