Abstract: A heating flange especially for the preheating of the intake air of an internal combustion engine with a frame (8), a supporting ceramic element (2) with a heating band (10) fitted thereto. The supporting ceramic element 2 is held in the frame at an inner side of the frame, and a support spring (1) is arranged between the supporting ceramic element (2) and the inner side of the frame. The support spring (1) is a leaf spring which is straight in the non-stressed state, and sits under an initial prestess between the supporting ceramic element (2) and the inner side of the frame. As a result of this configuration, low friction arises between the supporting ceramic element (2) and heating band (10), as well as leaf spring (1), which reduces failures due to vibratory loading, and a defined initial spring tension with a defined spring deflection is produced.

Abstract: A heating element for preheating intake air for an internal combustion engine and having a housing for attaching the heating element to an air intake line of the internal combustion engine. At least one heating strip (1), which runs in windings (1a), is held in the housing and is provided with electrical terminals (6) that lead from the housing to the outside. The heating strip (1) is held in the housing by a support (3) running between two housing walls, which runs, electrically insulated, through the windings (1a) of the heating strip (1).

Abstract: In an air-conditioning system for a motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine with an engine cooling circuit with a heat exchanger for heating and a heat pump with a refrigerant circuit including a heat exchanger for cooling the interior compartment of the motor vehicle, the refrigerant circuit includes also heat exchanges for heating or for cooling the coolant in the engine cooling circuit.

Abstract: In an air-conditioning system for a motor vehicle having an integrated heat pump for cooling and heating, in which refrigerant is circulated and which allows heat exchange with the incoming air for the interior compartment of the motor vehicle, the heat transfer is effected either directly, by means of a refrigerant/air heat exchanger through which the air for the interior compartment is conducted, or by means of a secondary refrigerant circuit, which includes two expansion devices and three heat exchangers provided in the refrigerant circuit of the system.

Abstract: A heating element for preheating intake air for an internal combustion engine and having a housing for attaching the heating element to an air intake line of the internal combustion engine. At least one heating strip (1), which runs in windings (1a), is held in the housing and is provided with electrical terminals (6) that lead from the housing to the outside. The heating strip (1) is held in the housing by a support (3) running between two housing walls, which runs, electrically insulated, through the windings (1a) of the heating strip (1).

Abstract: An electric heating system for motor vehicles including one or several electric heating elements; a control circuit provided for controlling the power dissipated by the heating elements; the control circuit including one or several power semiconductors arranged on a circuit board; the circuit board is by means of a solid matter connection connected by the side facing away from the power semiconductors to a metal plate intended to be mass potential; the metal plate being electrically insulated from conductor paths located on the underside of the circuit board and intended to carry a voltage in relation to the ground potential; the control circuit being arranged in a housing. One or several heat sinks are provided outside the housing. The metal plate is connected with the heat sinks arranged outside the housing by thermally conductive connectors.

Abstract: In an air-conditioning system for a motor vehicle having an integrated heat pump for cooling and heating, in which refrigerant is circulated and which allows heat exchange with the incoming air for the interior compartment of the motor vehicle, the heat transfer is effected either directly, by means of a refrigerant/air heat exchanger through which the air for the interior compartment is conducted, or by means of a secondary refrigerant circuit, which includes two expansion devices and three heat exchangers provided in the refrigerant circuit of the system.

Abstract: A heating element and a process for conducting the operating heat of a semiconductor switch to a heating cell which is triggered by the semiconductor switch via first and second heat and current conducting material strips and a frame terminal with an interposed heat-conducting insulating film. The semiconductor switch is provided with a cooling fin and is applied directly to a surface of the first heat and current conducting material strip.

Abstract: Recording materials are produced by a process in which a mixture A comprising

Abstract: A heating flange especially for the preheating of the intake air of an internal combustion engine with a frame (8), a supporting ceramic element (2) with a heating band (10) fitted thereto. The supporting ceramic element 2 is held in the frame at an inner side of the frame, and a support spring (1) is arranged between the supporting ceramic element (2) and the inner side of the frame. The support spring (1) is a leaf spring which is straight in the non-stressed state, and sits under an initial prestess between the supporting ceramic element (2) and the inner side of the frame. As a result of this configuration, low friction arises between the supporting ceramic element (2) and heating band (10), as well as leaf spring (1), which reduces failures due to vibratory loading, and a defined initial spring tension with a defined spring deflection is produced.

Abstract: The invention describes an electric heating system for motor vehicles with the following characteristics:

Abstract: Cold starter for use with a diesel engine having a combustion chamber, an intake air channel, and an air filter, which includes an electrical heating device mounted either in the intake air channel or within the air filter casing.

Abstract: Cold starter for use with a diesel engine having a combustion chamber, an intake air channel, and an air filter, which includes an electrical heating device mounted either in the intake air channel or within the air filter casing.

Abstract: A heating element and a process for conducting the operating heat of a semiconductor switch to a heating cell which is triggered by the semiconductor switch via first and second heat and current conducting material strips and a frame terminal with an interposed heat-conducting insulating film. The semiconductor switch is provided with a cooling fin and is applied directly to a surface of the first heat and current conducting material strip.