Abstract: The method includes authenticating a chip card terminal to a chip card by a chip card operating system, verifying the authorization of the chip card terminal to load executable program instructions by the chip card operating system, storing data in a predefined memory region of the NVM, which data indicate a successful execution of the authentication and the verification, by the chip card operating system, starting execution of a boot loader by the chip card operating system and interrupting the execution of the chip card operating system following the start of the boot loader, reading the data from the predefined memory region by the boot loader, loading the program instructions from the chip card terminal into the NVM by the boot loader on the precondition that the data indicate the successful authentication and verification in the predefined memory region.

Abstract: The method includes authenticating a chip card terminal to a chip card by a chip card operating system, verifying the authorisation of the chip card terminal to load executable program instructions by the chip card operating system, storing data in a predefined memory region of the NVM, which data indicate a successful execution of the authentication and the verification, by the chip card operating system, starting the execution of a boot loader by the chip card operating system and interrupting the execution of the chip card operating system following the start of the boot loader, reading the data from the predefined memory region by the boot loader, loading the program instructions from the chip card terminal into the NVM by the boot loader on the precondition that the data indicate the successful authentication and verification in the predefined memory region.

Abstract: In a method of filtering an image with bar-shaped structures by means of Gabor filters, which are formed in the spatial domain by a two-dimensional Gaussian bell-shaped curve on which a cosine function is superimposed in a main direction, the image is divided into tiles, a predominant direction of the bar-shaped structures is determined for each tile and the filtration is undertaken in such a way that one tile at a time is rotated until the predominant direction lies at right angles to the main direction of the Gabor filter, one filtration takes place in the main direction and another filtration takes place at right angles to this, and the filtered tile is rotated back again.

Abstract: In a method for determining the bearing surface in images of skin prints, the skin having ridges and furrows and the images existing in the form of image data, the image is filtered with a plurality of Gabor filters whose cosine functions are oriented in different directions in the spatial domain. From the filter responses, surfaces are determined that are each distinguished by an approximate direction of the ridges/furrows, which direction is preset by the respective Gabor filter. The surfaces are combined to an overall surface that represents the bearing surface.

Abstract: This description is given of a use-authorization device for security-related applications, in particular access control to secure areas or securing vehicles with a user operated key unit for generating consecutive, alternating user code information which exhibits a sequence of consecutive function values vi+1=F(vi, const) for i=0, . . .

Abstract: A method of generating a pseudo-random number by means of an iteration, comprising at least two iteration steps, applied to a one-way function, wherein the one-way function, based on a start value and a key, generates part of the pseudo-random number and wherein the iteration is initialized with a random start value and a random key, and wherein, in each iteration step, both the start value and the key for an iteration step are determined from the part of the pseudo-random number determined in the previous iteration step using the one-way function.

Abstract: In a method and an arrangement for assessing the quality of skin print images, and particularly fingerprint images, provision is made for gradients to be formed for the individual picture elements (pixels) of the skin print image, for a mean value to be formed from the gradients of the pixels in one region of the image (tile) at a time, and for similarities in the mean values from tile to tile to form a measure of quality.

Abstract: In a method and an arrangement for processing a skin print image, and particularly a fingerprint image, which image exists as a gray-level image, provision is made for the gray-level image to be convolved in the direction of two axes (x, y) by generalized gradient filters (Gx, Gy), for the generalized gradients (Bx, By) obtained in this way to be normalized, for the normalized, generalized gradients (Cx, Cy) each to be convolved with generalized gradient filters (Qx, Qy), and for the sum (D) of the two results (Dx, Dy) of the convolution of the normalized, generalized gradients (Cx, Cy) to be converted to binary form.

Abstract: In a method of improving fingerprint images, wherein recorded images are processed on image areas of the fingerprint images by using Gabor filters, the Gabor filters are adapted to characteristic quantities of the image in the relevant image area to be processed.

Abstract: In a method of filtering an image with bar-shaped structures by means of Gabor filters, which are formed in the spatial domain by a two-dimensional Gaussian bell-shaped curve on which a cosine function is superimposed in a main direction, the image is divided into tiles, a predominant direction of the bar-shaped structures is determined for each tile and the filtration is undertaken in such a way that one tile at a time is rotated until the predominant direction lies at right angles to the main direction of the Gabor filter, one filtration takes place in the main direction and another filtration takes place at right angles to this, and the filtered tile is rotated back again.

Abstract: This description is given of a use-authorization device for security-related applications, in particular access control to secure areas or securing vehicles with a user operated key unit for generating consecutive, alternating user code information which exhibits a sequence of consecutive function values vi+1=F(vi,const) for i=0, . . .

Abstract: In a method and an arrangement for assessing the quality of skin print images, and particularly fingerprint images, provision is made for gradients to be formed for the individual picture elements (pixels) of the skin print image, for a mean value to be formed from the gradients of the pixels in one region of the image (tile) at a time, and for similarities in the mean values from tile to tile to form a measure of quality.

Abstract: In a method for determining the bearing surface in images of skin prints, the skin having ridges and furrows and the images existing in the form of image data, the image is filtered with a plurality of Gabor filters whose cosine functions are oriented in different directions in the spatial domain. From the filter responses, surfaces are determined that are each distinguished by an approximate direction of the ridges/furrows, which direction is preset by the respective Gabor filter. The surfaces are combined to an overall surface that represents the bearing surface.

Abstract: In a method and an arrangement for processing a skin print image, and particularly a fingerprint image, which image exists as a gray-level image, provision is made for the gray-level image to be convolved in the direction of two axes (x, y) by generalized gradient filters (Gx, Gy), for the generalized gradients (Bx, By) obtained in this way to be normalized, for the normalized, generalized gradients (Cx, Cy) each to be convolved with generalized gradient filters (Qx, Qy), and for the sum (D) of the two results (Dx, Dy) of the convolution of the normalized, generalized gradients (Cx, Cy) to be converted to binary form.

Abstract: In a method of improving fingerprint images, wherein recorded images are processed on image areas of the fingerprint images by using Gabor filters, the Gabor filters are adapted to characteristic quantities of the image in the relevant image area to be processed.

Abstract: An access system with original, authorized access keys (2) is described, wherein the access system and the original access keys (2) comprise pseudo-random generators supplying an identical, secret cryptographic key, an identical cryptographic algorithm and identical numerical sequences, which are usable for mutual authentication in a challenge-response method.