Abstract: A method for detecting deposits in a pipe system of an apparatus is proposed, the apparatus being flowed through by a fluid. In the method it is provided that at least one microwave probe is introduced into the pipe system in such a way that the fluid flows against a window (102) of the microwave probe that is transparent to microwave radiation, and that microwaves are coupled into the pipe system by way of at least one microwave probe, wherein a reflection measurement is carried out with one or two microwave probes, and/or at least two microwave probes are introduced into the pipe system at a distance from one another and a transmission measurement is carried out, wherein a comparison of measurement data with a reference or a previous measurement is used to deduce a constriction in the pipe system segment and the free cross-section at the constriction is determined, the detection of a constriction being used to deduce the presence of deposits.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing C4-C15 lactams, in which a C1-C10-alkyl nitrite is reacted with a C4-C15-cycloalkane and is illuminated with a light-emitting diode during the reaction. This forms a C4-C15-cyclohexanone oxime which is then converted further to a C4-C15 lactam; the C1-C10 alcohol formed is recycled into the preparation of the C1-C10-alkyl nitrite.

Abstract: A method for detecting deposits in a pipe system of an apparatus is proposed, the apparatus being flowed through by a fluid. In the method it is provided that at least one microwave probe is introduced into the pipe system in such a way that the fluid flows against a window (102) of the microwave probe that is transparent to microwave radiation, and that microwaves are coupled into the pipe system by way of at least one microwave probe, wherein a reflection measurement is carried out with one or two microwave probes, and/or at least two microwave probes are introduced into the pipe system at a distance from one another and a transmission measurement is carried out, wherein a comparison of measurement data with a reference or a previous measurement is used to deduce a constriction in the pipe system segment and the free cross-section at the constriction is determined, the detection of a constriction being used to deduce the presence of deposits.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing C4-C15 lactams, in which a C1-C10-alkyl nitrite is reacted with a C4-C15-cycloalkane and is illuminated with a light-emitting diode during the reaction. This forms a C4-C15-cyclohexanone oxime which is then converted further to a C4-C15 lactam; the C1-C10 alcohol formed is recycled into the preparation of the C1-C10-alkyl nitrite.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur compounds selected from mercaptans (R—SH), organic sulfides (R—S—R?), organic disulfides (R—S—S—R?) and carbonyl sulfide (COS) from a hydrocarbonaceous stream comprises an absorption step of contacting the hydrocarbonaceous stream comprising one or more sulfur compounds with an absorbent comprising a first transition metal sulfide to bind at least some of the sulfur present in the sulfur compound or compounds in the transition metal sulfide as additional sulfur to form a second transition metal sulfide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for measuring deposits in the interior (12) of an apparatus (10) by using microwave radiation, comprising the steps a) arranging at least one microwave resonator (20) in the interior (12) of the apparatus (10), wherein the interior (36) of the microwave resonator (20) is connected to the interior (12) of the apparatus (10) such that an exchange of material can take place, or forming the interior of the apparatus (10) as at least one microwave resonator (20), b) introducing microwave radiation into the at least one microwave resonator (20) and c) determining a resonant frequency and/or a quality of a resonance of the at least one microwave resonator (20) , wherein the steps b) and c) are repeated and, from a change in the resonant frequency and/or the quality of a resonance of the at least one microwave resonator (20), conclusions are drawn about the quantity and/or type of deposits in the interior (12) of the apparatus (10).