Abstract: A NOx reduction method includes treating a first gas containing NOx, producing a second gas containing NO2, reducing a portion of the NO2 in the second gas to N2, and producing a third gas containing less NOx than the first gas, substantially all of the third gas NOx being NO. The method also includes treating the third gas, producing a fourth gas containing NO2, reducing a portion of the NO2 in the fourth gas to N2, and producing a fifth gas containing less NOx than the third gas, substantially all of the fifth gas NOx being NO. Treating the first and/or third gas can include treatment with a plasma. Reducing a portion of the NO2 in the second and/or fourth gas can include reducing with a catalyst. The method can further include controlling energy consumption of the plasmas independent of each other.

Abstract: A NOx reduction method includes treating a first gas containing NOx, producing a second gas containing NO2, reducing a portion of the NO2 in the second gas to N2, and producing a third gas containing less NOx than the first gas, substantially all of the third gas NOx being NO. The method also includes treating the third gas, producing a fourth gas containing NO2, reducing a portion of the NO2 in the fourth gas to N2, and producing a fifth gas containing less NOx than the third gas, substantially all of the fifth gas NOx being NO. Treating the first and/or third gas can include treatment with a plasma. Reducing a portion of the NO2 in the second and/or fourth gas can include reducing with a catalyst. The method can further include controlling energy consumption of the plasmas independent of each other.

Abstract: The present invention is based upon the discovery that microporous catalysts, especially zeolites in the class of metallic Faujasites, Linde Type A (LTA) and combinations thereof having a pore size greater than 3 angstroms in combination with a plasma are capable of catalyzing conversion of NOx to N2 in a real or actual exhaust stream without any gas phase additive.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus and method for combining ions with a neutral gas and flowing the mixture with a radial flow component through a magnetic field so that the weakly ionized gas is confined by the neutral gas. When the weakly ionized gas is present in sufficient density, a weakly ionized non-neutral plasma is formed that may be trapped in accordance with the present invention. Applications for a weakly ionized non-neutral plasma exploit the trap's ability to store and manipulate ionic species in the presence of neutral gas. The trap may be connected to a mass spectrometer thereby permitting species identification after a fixed period of time. Delicate and/or heavy particles such as clusters may be held and studied in a "gentle" environment. In addition, the trap can provide a relatively intense, low-energy source of a particular ion species for surface implantation or molecular chemistry. Finally, a long trap may permit spectroscopy of unprecedented accuracy to be performed on ionic species.

Abstract: The present invention is placing a catalyst coating upon surfaces surrounding a volume containing corona discharge. In addition, the electrodes are coated with a robust dielectric material. Further, the electrodes are arranged so that at least a surface portion of each electrode extends into a flow path of the exhaust gas to be treated and there is only exhaust gas in the volume between each pair of electrodes.

Abstract: An ion trap having two end cap electrodes disposed asymmetrically about a center of a ring electrode. The inner surface of the end cap electrodes are conformed to an asymmetric pair of equipotential lines of the harmonic formed by the application of voltages to the electrodes. The asymmetry of the end cap electrodes allows ejection of charged species through the closer of the two electrodes which in turn allows for simultaneously detecting anions and cations expelled from the ion trap through the use of two detectors charged with opposite polarity.