Abstract: The invention relates to an improver in the form of a mixture of at least polysiloxane antifoaming agent and at least partially or totally neutralised fat acid. The inventive fuel and additive containing said mixture are also disclosed.

Abstract: In a process for the production of leather, pelts, pickled pelts or semifinished products are treated with at least one polymer which is obtainable by copolymerization of at least one ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydride (A), derived from at least one dicarboxylic acid of 4 to 8 carbon atoms, at least one vinylaromatic compound (B) and optionally at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer (C) which differs from (A) and has a hetero atom, reaction with at least one compound (D) of the formula Ia or Ib at least 0.55 equivalent, based on (A), of (D) being used, and optionally hydrolysis with water or aqueous alkaline solution, where, in formulae Ia and Ib, the variables are defined as follows: A1 are identical or different and are C2-C6-alkylene R1 is linear or branched C1-C20-alkyl, and n is an integer from 6 to 200.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polyisobutene containing at least 75 mol % of terminal vinylidene groups, in which isobutene or an isobutene-containing hydrocarbon mixture is polymerized in the liquid phase in the presence of a boron trifluoride complex catalyst having the composition a(BF3):b(Co1):c(Co2) where Co1 is at least one tertiary alcohol, Co2 is at least one compound selected from water, primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, dialkyl ethers, alkanecarboxylic acids and phenols, the ratio c:b is from 0.9 to 1.8 and the ratio (b+c):a is from 0.9 to 3.0, is described.

Abstract: The invention relates to adducts that can be obtained by reacting carbonyl compounds of general formula (I) in which the variables are defined as follows: R1 and R2 are selected among hydrogen, C1-C12 alkyl, C3-C12 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted, C7-C13 aralkyl, C6-C14 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted, whereby R1 and R2 can be bounds to one another while forming a ring.

Abstract: A semifinished leather product is produced from an animal hide by pretanning with the use of a chromium-free tanning agent and of a clay mineral which, after stirring for 30 minutes in water at 50° C. at a circumferential rotor speed of from 5 to 25 m/s, has a number average particle diameter of less than 2 ?m or a bimodal particle size distribution with a first, finely divided fraction whose number average particle diameter is less than 0.5 ?m and a second, coarser fraction whose number average particle diameter is less than 5 ?m, determined in each case by the method according to ISO 13320-1, by combined laser light diffraction and light scattering, a proportion of the first, finely divided fraction being from 10 to 90% by weight, and drying of the pretanned animal hide to a water content of from 5 to 45% based on the total weight of the semifinished leather product.

Abstract: Propylene homopolymers, wherein, in their separation according to tacticity by first dissolving the polymers in boiling xylene, then cooling the solution to 25° C. at a cooling rate of 10° C./h and then, with ascending temperature, separating the propylene homopolymers into fractions of different tacticity, either one or more of the conditions that i) the fraction of propylene homopolymers which remains undissolved on heating the cooled propylene homopolymer solution to 112° C. is greater than 20% by weight or ii) the fraction of propylene homopolymers which remains undissolved on heating the cooled propylene homopolymer solution to 117° C. is greater than 8% by weight or iii) the fraction of propylene homopolymers which remains undissolved on heating the cooled propylene homopolymer solution to 122° C. is greater than 1% by weight, are satisfied.

Abstract: Aqueous formulations are prepared by a process wherein at least one cyclic compound of the formula I is heated in the presence of water and of an acidic catalyst and, during or after the heating, H—X—R3 is at least partially separated off, where, in formula I, X is selected from oxygen, sulfur and N—R6, R3 and R6 are identical or different and are selected from C1-C12-alkyl, C3-C12-cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted, C7-C13-aralkyl, C6-C14-aryl, substituted or unsubstituted, formyl, CO—C1-C12-alkyl, CO—C3-C12-cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted, CO—C7-C13-aralkyl, CO—C6-C14-aryl, where, if X is N—R6, R3 and R6 may be linked to one another with formation of a ring; R1, R2 and R4 are identical or different and are selected from hydrogen, C1-C12-alkyl, C3-C12-cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted, C7-C13-aralkyl, C6-C14-aryl, substituted or unsubstituted, it being possible in each case for two neighboring radicals to be linked to one another with formation of a ring; n is an integer from 1

Abstract: Disclosed arm solid pigment preparations containing (A) 60 to 95 per weight of at least one pigment, (B) 5 to 40 percent by weight of at least one water-soluble anionic surface-active additive from the group of the homopolymers and copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and/or ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids which can additionally contain monopolymerized vinyl monomers having no acid function, the alkoxylation products of said homopolymers and copolymers, and the salts of said homopolymers and copolymers and the alkoxylation products thereof, and (C) 0 to 20 percent by weight of at least one nonionic surface-active polyether-based additive as essential components. Also disclosed are a method for the production thereof and methods for dyeing macromolecular organic and inorganic materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to additive mixtures which comprise, as component A, at least one additive having detergent action and, as component B, at least one partially or completely neutralized fatty acid. The invention further relates to the use of these additive mixtures for additizing fuel and lubricant compositions, and also to fuel and lubricant compositions and concentrates which comprise this additive mixture.

Abstract: Horny substances are removed from hides, pelts or skins of dead animals by treating the hides, pelts or skins in aqueous liquor with one or more compounds of the formula I or their corresponding alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts or ammonium or phosphonium salts, the variables being defined as follows: R1 is selected from hydrogen and C1-C12-alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted by one or more S—H or O—H groups; X1 to X4 are identical or different and are selected from hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl, O—H, S—H and N—HR2, R2 is hydrogen or C1-C12-alkyl or a C1-C4-Alkyl-C?O group, at least one radical X1 to X4 being S—H when R1 contains at least one sulfur atom and at least two radicals X1 to X4 being S—H when R1 contains no sulfur atom.

Abstract: A process for the production of semifinished products and intermediates in the production of leather using one or more organic polyelectrolytes comprises at least one of the following steps: (a) Addition of one or more polyelectrolytes and from 0 to 0.7% by weight, based on the salted weight, of lime immediately before or during liming, (b) addition of one or more polyelectrolytes before or during deliming, (c) addition of one or more polyelectrolytes before or during bating, (d) addition of one or more polyelectrolytes and a total of from 0 to 3% by weight, based on the pelt weight, of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt immediately before or in the pickle.

Abstract: ?-Chloroisopropyl-substituted aromatics are obtained in high yield by treating isopropenyl-substituted aromatics with hydrogen chloride gas in the absence of a solvent. The ?-chloroisopropyl-substituted aromatics serve as initiators for the cationic polymerization of isobutene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tanning agent that is produced by reacting at least one aldehyde of general formula (I) with at least another identical or different aldehyde of formula (I), wherein the variables are defined as follows: Z is a single chemical bond, an optionally substituted C1-C12-alkyl, an optionally substituted C5-C12-cycloalkyl or an optionally substituted C6-C14-aryl, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst and optionally in the presence of at least another carbonyl compound of formula (II), R1 to R4 represent, independent of one another, hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C12-allyl, optionally substituted C3-C12-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C7-C13-aralkyl or optionally substituted C6-C14-aryl, provided that at least another aldehyde of formula (I) in which the radical of Z contains ? hydrogen atoms or at least another carbonyl compound of formula (I) is present when Z is a single chemical bond or a radical without any hydrogen atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to amphiphilic compounds and mixtures thereof and processes for their preparation and their use in oil-in-water emulsions. The compounds are composed of a lipophilic and a hydrophilic part. The two parts are linked to one another by a linker derived from succinic acid. The lipophilic part is formed by a polyisobutylene group having a number average molecular weight Mn of from 300 to 10 000. The hydrophilic part preferably comprises at least two polyethylene glycol chains which can be prepared by reacting —OH, —N(H)— and/or —NH2 with ethylene oxide. A globular, nonlinear structure of the hydrophilic part is thus obtained, so that the hydrophilic character of the novel compounds predominate and said compounds are particularly suitable for oil-in-water emulsions.

Abstract: Homo- and copolymers of isobutene are prepared by continuous cationic polymerization of isobutene or mixtures of isobutene with ethylenically unsaturated comonomers in the presence of an initiator system comprising: i) a Lewis acid selected from covalent metal-halogen compounds and covalent semimetal-halogen compounds and ii) at least one aprotic organic compound I having at least one functional group FG which forms a carbocation or a cationic complex with the Lewis acid under polymerization conditions in an organic solvent inert with respect to the Lewis acid, by a process in which the polymerization is carried out in a tubular flow-through reactor which has a plurality of curves having an alternating direction of curvature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to C4-C6-polymercaptopolyols as regulators in the free-radically initiated solution and precipitation polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers.

Abstract: A polymer composition comprises at least one polyisobutene-containing component based on a medium molecular weight, reactive polyisobutene and at least one further polymer which is different therefrom.

Abstract: Homo- and copolymers of isobutene are prepared by continuous cationic polymerization of isobutene or mixtures of isobutene with ethylenically unsaturated comonomers in the presence of an initiator system comprising:

Abstract: The surfaces of apparatuses and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction, including, for example, apparatus, container and reactor walls, discharge apparatuses, fittings, pumps, filters, compressors, centrifuges, columns, heat exchangers, dryers, comminuting machines, internals, packings and mixing elements, are coated by a process wherein protuberances having a mean height of from 100 nm to 50 &mgr;m with a mean spacing of from 100 nm to 100 &mgr;m are produced on the surface to be coated and the coating is applied thereon by currentless deposition of a metal layer or of a metal-polymer dispersion layer with the aid of a plating bath which contains a metal electrolyte, a reducing agent and optionally a polymer or polymer blend to be deposited, in dispersed form.

Abstract: Low molecular weight and high molecular weight two-block emulsifiers, in particular based on polyisobutylene, of the formula (Ia) or (Ib) and mixtures thereof 1