Abstract: An optical system may include a first optical assembly and a first scan field expansion assembly. The first optical assembly may include or may be configured as a first flat-field lens. The first flat-field lens may have a first nominal scan field with a first flat focal plane. The first scan field expansion assembly may include one or more first field-expanding optical elements configured to provide a first expanded scan field coinciding with the first flat focal plane. The first expanded scan field may have a cross-sectional width and/or area that exceeds a corresponding cross-sectional width and/or area of the first nominal scan field. A method of additively manufacturing a three-dimensional object may include directing a first energy beam through the first optical assembly, and directing the first energy beam through the first scan field expansion assembly.

Abstract: Apparatus (1) for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects (2) by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material (3) which can be consolidated by means of at least one energy beam (4), which apparatus (1) comprises an irradiation device (5) with at least one beam guiding element (7) on which the energy beam (4) is partially reflected, wherein a first beam part (10) extends between the beam guiding element (7) and a build plane (18) of the apparatus (1) and a second beam part (11) is transmitted through or scattered at the beam guiding element (7), wherein a determination device (12) is provided that is adapted to determine at least one parameter of the second beam part (11).

Abstract: An endoscope for laparoscopic surgery, including a shaft with a central axis, a proximal end, a distal end and a first optical beam path with a prism at the distal end of the shaft and having light entrance and exit surfaces, a lens with an optical axis, the lens behind the prism considered from the distal end of the shaft, and beam deflecting optics behind the lens considered from the distal end of the shaft. The light entrance surface is oriented perpendicular to the central axis, and the light exit surface forms a first angle of inclination with a first spatial axis oriented orthogonal to the central axis. To increase the numerical aperture of the lens, the optical axis is arranged perpendicular to the light exit surface of the prism. As a result, the lens has a cross-sectional area that is larger than the light entrance surface of the prism.

Abstract: An apparatus for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects formed of successive layerwise consolidation of layers of a build material which can be consolidated by an energy beam. The apparatus may include a determination device confirmed to determine at least one parameter of the energy beam for a specific build material, wherein the determination device comprises at least one determination base body arrangeable or arranged in a beam guiding plane, in particular a build plane; and a tempering unit confirmed to temper the determination base body. Determination devices, along with methods, are also provided for determining at least one parameter of an energy beam of an apparatus for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects.

Abstract: Apparatus (1) for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects (2) by means of successive layerwise selective consolidation of layers of a build material (3) which can be consolidated by means of an energy source (4), which apparatus (1) comprises an optical unit (10) with at least one optical surface (9) arranged in a process chamber (6) of the apparatus (1), wherein the apparatus (1) comprises at least one determination device (12) with at least one light source (13) and at least one determination unit (14) adapted to determine at least one radiation parameter of radiation (15) emitted from the light source (13) and reflected at the optical surface (9) of the optical unit (10), wherein the determination device (12) is adapted to determine at least one condition information of the optical unit (10) based on the determined radiation parameter.

Abstract: Apparatus for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material which can be consolidated by means of an energy beam, which apparatus comprises an irradiation device adapted to guide an energy beam across a build plane, wherein a calibration device is provided comprising a positioning unit, a determination unit and a calibration unit, preferably arranged in a process chamber of the apparatus, that is adapted to at least partially reflect the energy beam, wherein the irradiation device is adapted to guide the energy beam to the calibration unit for generating a reflected part of the energy beam, wherein the positioning unit is adapted to position the irradiation device dependent on at least one parameter of the reflected part of the energy beam determined via the determination unit.

Abstract: Apparatus (1) for additively manufacturing of three-dimensional objects (2) by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material (3) which can be consolidated by means of an energy beam (4), wherein a measuring unit (5) is provided that is configured to generate information relating to a collimated part (6) of the energy beam (4) and information relating to a focused part (7) of the energy beam (4).

Abstract: An optical system may include a first optical assembly and a first scan field expansion assembly. The first optical assembly may include or may be configured as a first flat-field lens. The first flat-field lens may have a first nominal scan field with a first flat focal plane. The first scan field expansion assembly may include one or more first field-expanding optical elements configured to provide a first expanded scan field coinciding with the first flat focal plane. The first expanded scan field may have a cross-sectional width and/or area that exceeds a corresponding cross-sectional width and/or area of the first nominal scan field. A method of additively manufacturing a three-dimensional object may include directing a first energy beam through the first optical assembly, and directing the first energy beam through the first scan field expansion assembly.

Abstract: Apparatus (1) for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects (2) by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material (3) which can be consolidated by means of an energy beam (5) that is guided inside a process chamber (6) of the apparatus (1), wherein a determination device (7, 8) is provided that is arranged inside the process chamber (6) and adapted to determine at least one parameter of the energy beam (5), preferably during an additive manufacturing process, in particular during a process step of the additive manufacturing process in which build material (3) is applied onto a build plane (11) of the apparatus (1).

Abstract: An apparatus for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects formed of successive layerwise consolidation of layers of a build material which can be consolidated by an energy beam. The apparatus may include a determination device confirmed to determine at least one parameter of the energy beam for a specific build material, wherein the determination device comprises at least one determination base body arrangeable or arranged in a beam guiding plane, in particular a build plane; and a tempering unit confirmed to temper the determination base body. Determination devices, along with methods, are also provided for determining at least one parameter of an energy beam of an apparatus for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects.

Abstract: An apparatus for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects formed of selective consolidation of layers of a build material is provided. The apparatus may include a determination device configured to determine at least one parameter of the energy beam, wherein the determination device comprises at least one determination base body arranged in a beam guiding plane, wherein at least one surface parameter of a surface of the determination base body is defined dependent on a surface parameter of a specific build material arranged in a build plane in an additive manufacturing process performed on the apparatus. Determination devices and methods are also generally provided for determining at least one parameter of an energy beam of an apparatus for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects.

Abstract: Method for operating an apparatus (1) for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects (2), wherein at least two coherent energy beams (7) are generated and combined into a combined energy beam (8) and at least one combined beam property of the combined energy beam (8) is adjusted via a modulation unit (5).

Abstract: Apparatus for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material which can be consolidated by means of an energy beam, which apparatus comprises an irradiation device adapted to guide an energy beam across a build plane, wherein a calibration device is provided comprising a positioning unit, a determination unit and a calibration unit, preferably arranged in a process chamber of the apparatus, that is adapted to at least partially reflect the energy beam, wherein the irradiation device is adapted to guide the energy beam to the calibration unit for generating a reflected part of the energy beam, wherein the positioning unit is adapted to position the irradiation device dependent on at least one parameter of the reflected part of the energy beam determined via the determination unit.

Abstract: Determination device (1) for determining at least one parameter of an energy beam (5) for an apparatus (3) for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material which can be consolidated by means of an energy beam (5), wherein the determination device (1) comprises a beam guiding element (12) adapted to guide the energy beam (5) to a determination unit (7) which is adapted to determine at least one parameter of the energy beam (5), wherein the determination unit (7) and the beam guiding element (12) are arranged as a determination assembly in a defined spatial arrangement relative to each other, wherein the determination assembly is movable, in particular rotatable, into at least a first and a second determination position, wherein the determination unit (7) is adapted to receive the energy beam (5) being guided to a first spatial position from the beam guiding element (12) in the first determination positi

Abstract: Apparatus (1) for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects (2) by means of successive layerwise selective consolidation of layers of a build material (3) which can be consolidated by means of an energy source (4), which apparatus (1) comprises an optical unit (10) with at least one optical surface (9) arranged in a process chamber (6) of the apparatus (1), wherein the apparatus (1) comprises at least one determination device (12) with at least one light source (13) and at least one determination unit (14) adapted to determine at least one radiation parameter of radiation (15) emitted from the light source (13) and reflected at the optical surface (9) of the optical unit (10), wherein the determination device (12) is adapted to determine at least one condition information of the optical unit (10) based on the determined radiation parameter.

Abstract: Determination device for determining at least one parameter of an energy beam for an apparatus for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material which can be consolidated by means of an energy beam, wherein at least a first and a second beam guiding element are adapted to guide the energy beam to a determination unit which is adapted to determine at least one parameter of the energy beam, wherein the determination unit is movable, in particular rotatable, into at least a first and a second determination position, wherein the determination unit is adapted to receive the energy beam from the first beam guiding element in the first determination position and to receive the energy beam from the second beam guiding element in the second determination position.

Abstract: Apparatus (1) for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material which can be consolidated by means of an energy beam (2), wherein the apparatus (1) comprises an irradiation device (3) for generating the energy beam (2) and a stream generating unit (7) for generating a gas stream (8) streaming through a process chamber (9) in which the additive manufacturing process is performed, wherein at least one determination device (13) is provided that is adapted to determine at least one gas parameter of the gas stream (8) inside the process chamber (9), wherein a calibration device (14) is adapted to calibrate and/or adjust the irradiation device (3) dependent on the at least one gas parameter, in particular for adjusting at least one irradiation parameter of the irradiation device (3).

Abstract: Apparatus (1) for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects (2) by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material (3) which can be consolidated by means of an energy beam, wherein an irradiation device (4) is provided that is adapted to generate at least two coherent energy beams (7), wherein the irradiation device (4) comprises a modulation unit (5) that is adapted to combine the at least two energy beams (7) to a combined energy beam (8) and to adjust at least one combined beam property of the combined energy beam (8).

Abstract: Apparatus (1) for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects (2) by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material (3) which can be consolidated by means of an energy beam, wherein an irradiation device (4) is provided that is adapted to generate at least two coherent energy beams (7), wherein the irradiation device (4) comprises a modulation unit (5) that is adapted to combine the at least two energy beams (7) to a combined energy beam (8) and to adjust at least one combined beam property of the combined energy beam (8).

Abstract: Apparatus (1) for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects (2) by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material (3) which can be consolidated by means of an energy beam (5), wherein a determination device (6) is provided that is adapted to determine at least one parameter relating to a focal position (7) of the energy beam (5) and/or a deviation from a nominal focal position, wherein the determination is based on an angular deviation of at least one part of the energy beam (5) relative to a nominal angle.