Abstract: A bus system that has at least two lines. A bus subscriber has at least one connection element that has at least two contacts that can each be connected to one of the lines. An address allocation device can be used to ascertain an address for the bus subscriber in the bus system on the basis of a respective connection state of the contacts with respect to the lines. Also, a method allocates addresses in the bus system.

Abstract: A bus system that has at least two lines. A bus subscriber has at least one connection element that has at least two contacts that can each be connected to one of the lines. An address allocation device can be used to ascertain an address for the bus subscriber in the bus system on the basis of a respective connection state of the contacts with respect to the lines. Also, a method allocates addresses in the bus system.

Abstract: Combustion failures of an internal combustion engine are controlled in closed loop fashion by sampling an engine r.p.m. to obtain a speed signal. The speed signal is subjected to a Hartley-Transformation to obtain angular frequencies or engine orders which are further processed to identify the cylinder which had a combustion failure and thereby reduced an actual engine power output compared to a rated power output. A power output correcting signal is produced and supplied to the engine. The system for performing these steps includes at least a speed signal sampler, a frequency analyzer to perform the Hartley-Transformation, a cylinder identifier or classifier and a controller which supplies the closed loop control signal to the engine.

Abstract: Control of the operating mode of an internal combustion engine The invention relates to a control method for controlling the operating mode of an IC engine, in which a control device comprises a device for sampling signals, a downstream arranged device for frequency analysis as well as a downstream arranged device for cylinder classification, in which at first a speed signal is detected and subsequently the speed signal is transformed into an angle-frequency-range, wherein the transformation is effected by means of a Hartley-transformation. The invention further relates to a device for controlling the operating mode of an IC engine of a motor vehicle by means of such method as well as an IC engine.

Abstract: A sensor system for the measurement of the optical conditions at a boundary surface between a first medium that is a solid body and a second medium whose refracting indices are different. The sensor system has an optical unit comprising at least one sending unit with at least one sending element, at least one receiving unit with at least one receiving element, and an optical path connecting the send unit(s) to the receiving unit(s). A light-conducting body with a base surface and two optically active end surfaces is arranged in the optical path, where the base surface of the light-conducting body is attached to the surface side of the first medium between the sending unit(s) and the boundary surface. The first end surface of the light-conducting body is directed towards the sending unit(s) and the second end surface of the light-conducting body is directed towards the receiving unit(s).