Abstract: Plasmonic pixels may provide an array of nanoparticles in a desired arrangement on a substrate, and may be overcoated with a top layer. The nanoparticles may be nanorods, nanoshells, nanoparticles, spiky shells, cubes, triangles, prisms, disks, nanowires, gratings, Fano structures, and/or other single or coupled nano structures. The array of nanoparticles may support two polarized surface plasmon resonances. Further, a plasmon response of the array of nanoparticles may be diffractively coupled. The nanoparticles may be arranged in a square or hexagonal array. The color of the plasmonic pixel may be controlled by the plasmon response of the nanoparticles, a distance between nanoparticles along axial directions, and/or a method of excitation.