Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for producing products and a method of controlling such an apparatus, having a programmable logic controller—PLC—an axis control system, for controlling axes, and a visualization system for displaying processes and/or process parameters. In known apparatus of this type, the PLC, the axis control system and the visualization system are implemented in physically self-contained appliances. Linking these components requires a great deal of effort both during construction and during operation of the apparatus. The data interchange between the components requires an “overhead” in order to ensure the communication between the components. This is disadvantageous. The invention therefore seeks to improve such manufacturing apparatus and control methods in that the PLC, the axis control system and the visualization system run on a common physical appliance.

Abstract: A liquid binding agent comprised of a phenolic resin, thinning agents and a curing agent, characterized in that the phenolic resin is produced by condensation catalyzed under alkaline conditions of a phenol and formaldehyde in a molar ratio of phenolic compound to formaldehyde in the range of 1:0.05 to 1.

Abstract: A binder mixture containing lignin or lignins with reactive groups and phenol-novolac in a weight ratio of 95:5 to 50:50 useful for the production of non-woven fabrics and wood fiber materials.

Abstract: A binder mixture containing lignin or lignins with reactive groups and phenol-novolac in a weight ratio of 95:5 to 50:50 useful for the production of non-woven fabrics and wood fiber materials.

Abstract: An aqueous resol solution produced by an alkaline condensation of a phenolic compound with an aldehyde in a molar ratio of 1:1.5 to 2.5 with an alkali metal content of 1 to 5.0% by weight of the reaction solution, neutralizing the solution after the end of condensation at least partially with an aromatic hydroxy carboxylic acid at a temperature not greater than 50.degree. C. and then concentrating the reaction mixture which is readily dilutable with water.

Abstract: A binding agent for molding compositions and molded bodies produced by reacting a low molecular weight lignin from the Organosolv process with phenol in a weight ratio of 1:20 to 3:1 at 100.degree. to 180.degree. C., adjusting the pH to an acidic value and condensing the mixture with 0.2 to 0.9 moles of formaldehyde per mole of phenol at 60.degree. to 120.degree. C. to form the binding agent useful for producing curable molding compositions, high-temperature molding compositions, refractory products, textile fleeces and friction coatings as well as carbon materials.

Abstract: A binding agent for molding compositions and molded bodies produced by reacting a low molecular weight lignin from the Organosolv process with phenol in a weight ratio of 1:20 to 3:1 at 100.degree. to 180.degree. C., adjusting the pH to an acidic value and condensing the mixture with 0.2 to 0.9 moles of formaldehyde per mole of phenol at 60.degree. to 120.degree. C. to form the binding agent useful for producing curable molding compositions, high-temperature molding compositions, refractory products, textile fleeces and friction coatings as well as carbon materials.

Abstract: A binding agent for molded bodies and molding compositions produced by prereacting a mixture of 5 to 60% by weight of lignin or a lignin fraction produced by the Organosolv process and 40 to 95% by weight of a phenol novolac resin and subjecting the latter to high shear forces in a kneader or extruder and optionally mixing the same with a curing agent useful in molding compositions and high temperature-stable molded products such as refractory products, friction coatings, textile fleeces and carbon or graphite materials.