Abstract: A laser system may include a controller configured to direct a plurality of temporally spaced-apart electrical pulses to a device that optically pumps a lasing medium, and a lasing medium configured to output a quasi-continuous laser pulse in response to the optical pumping. The plurality of temporally spaced-apart electrical pulses may include (a) a first electrical pulse configured to excite the lasing medium to an energy level below a lasing threshold of the lasing medium, and (b) multiple second electrical pulses following the first electrical pulse. The quasi-continuous laser pulse is output in response to the multiple second electrical pulses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hydroxy-terminated polyurethane prepolymers that consist to an extent of at least 90% by weight of the product of the reaction of hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate with butane-1,4-diol and have an allophanate content of ?1.00 mol %, to a process for the production thereof, to compositions comprising such polyurethane prepolymers and to the use of said polyurethane prepolymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multi-stage process for the continuous preparation of thermoplastic polyurethanes by reacting one or more aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and/or araliphatic diols with one or more aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and/or araliphatic diisocyanates, wherein the total reaction enthalpy is ??500 kJ/kg over all the process stages at a molar ratio of diol to diisocyanate of 1.0:1.0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for continuous production of thermoplastic polyurethane by reacting the components (A) one or more cycloaliphatic, aliphatic and/or araliphatic polyisocyanates and (B) one or more cycloaliphatic, aliphatic and/or araliphatic polyols, wherein the entirety of component (B) has a hydroxyl number of 600 mg KOH/g to 1830 mg KOH/g as determined according to DIN EN ISO 4629-2:2016. The process comprises the process steps of: a) preparing a mixture of a portion of component (A), a portion of or the entirety of component (B) and optionally a portion or the entirety of component (C), where in process step a) there is a molar ratio of component (A) to component (B) in the range from 0.6:1.0 to 0.95:1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous method for producing an isocyanurate-containing isocyanate mixture, in which in a step a) a mixture of a first and a second isocyanate component and an isocyanate group trimerization catalyst is provided; in a step b) the mixture obtained in step a) is reacted in a first residence time zone at an elevated temperature; in a step c), the reaction mixture obtained in step b) is further heated in a second residence time zone, optionally after adding a stopper; and in a step d), the reaction mixture obtained in step c) is cooled down in a third residence time zone by way of lowering the temperature, thus obtaining the desired isocyanurate-containing isocyanate mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous method for producing an isocyanurate-containing isocyanate mixture, in which in a step a) a mixture of a first and a second isocyanate component and an isocyanate group trimerization catalyst is provided; in a step b) the mixture obtained in step a) is reacted in a first residence time zone at an elevated temperature; in a step c), the reaction mixture obtained in step b) is further heated in a second residence time zone, optionally after adding a stopper; and in a step d), the reaction mixture obtained in step c) is cooled down in a third residence time zone by way of lowering the temperature, thus obtaining the desired isocyanurate-containing isocyanate mixture.

Abstract: The application relates to a process for continuously producing aqueous polyurethane dispersions, which is characterized by the use of micro structured mixing elements and addition of water twice during the dispersion step. The energy input in the mixing of the dispersion is low. In addition, the application describes an apparatus suitable for execution of the aforementioned process.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the manufacture of methyl mercaptan using recycled dimethyl sulfide. In particular, the invention relates to a process for the continuous production of methyl mercaptan via the catalytic conversion of dimethyl sulfide using a non-promoted Al2O3 catalyst at low temperatures.

Abstract: A method of reacting phosgene with a second compound containing one or more of hydroxyl, thil, amino and/or formamide groups, wherein phosgene has a GHS hazard identification of GHS06 and is obtainable from the reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine and wherein the second compound is capable of a chemical reaction with phosgene is provided.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the manufacture of methyl mercaptan using recycled dimethyl sulfide. In particular, the invention relates to a process for the continuous production of methyl mercaptan via the catalytic conversion of dimethyl sulfide using a non-promoted Al2O3 catalyst at low temperatures.

Abstract: A method of reacting a first compound with a second compound, wherein the first compound has a GHS hazard identification of GHS06 and is obtainable from the reaction of at least one first fluid precursor compound and one second fluid precursor compound and wherein the second compound is capable of a chemical reaction with the first compound is provided

Abstract: Aromatic amines are produced by adiabatic hydrogenation of nitroaromatic compounds in the gas phase on one or more fixed catalysts. The nitroaromatic reactant is passed over the catalyst under pressure and at elevated temperature with hydrogen, water, optionally nitrogen and substantially in the absence of the aromatic amine produced from the nitroaromatic.

Abstract: Process for the endothermic, catalytic gas phase oxidation of hydrocarbons with steam and carbon dioxide to hydrogen and carbon monoxide (synthesis gas), performed in 5 to 30 series-connected reaction zones under adiabatic conditions.

Abstract: Process for preparing bis(para-amino-cyclohexyl)methane by multiphase reaction of methylenedianiline with hydrogen, in which the reaction is performed in 5 to 50 series-connected reaction zones under adiabatic conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multistage adiabatic process for performing the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis at low temperatures, in which the synthesis is performed in 5 to 40 series-connected reaction zones under adiabatic conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multistage adiabatic process for performing the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis at low temperatures, in which the synthesis is performed in 5 to 40 series-connected reaction zones under adiabatic conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel uranium catalyst on a support of particular pore size distribution, to a process for preparation thereof, and to the use thereof in the course of processes for preparing chlorine from hydrogen chloride.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the endothermic, catalytic gas phase reaction of naphtha with hydrogen to form benzene, in which the reaction is carried out in 5 to 12 serial reaction zones under adiabatic conditions.

Abstract: Process for preparing bis(para-amino-cyclohexyl)methane by multiphase reaction of methylenedianiline with hydrogen, in which the reaction is performed in 5 to 50 series-connected reaction zones under adiabatic conditions.

Abstract: Process for preparing hydrogen and carbon monoxide (synthesis gas) by endothermic, catalytic gas phase oxidation of hydrocarbons with steam and carbon dioxide, and for simultaneous preparation of ethylene by exothermic, heterogeneously catalyzed, oxidative coupling of methane, wherein the particular reactions are performed in at least three series-connected reaction zones under adiabatic conditions, and wherein the heat of reaction of the exothermic, heterogeneously catalyzed, oxidative coupling of methane is supplied to the endothermic, catalytic gas phase oxidation of hydrocarbons with steam and carbon dioxide.