Abstract: A semiconductor module includes a heat sink, a substrate connected to the heat sink, a semiconductor component in contact with the substrate, and a planar cooling element designed to include a hermetically sealed duct structure for arrangement of a heat transport medium such that the hermetically sealed duct structure and the heat transport medium form a pulsating heat pipe. The planar cooling element is designed to establish a thermal connection between a substrate-distal side of the semiconductor component and the heat sink and to have a shape which is adapted to a height profile of a circuit layout having height offsets.

Abstract: The invention relates to a crash management system (100) for a motor vehicle, the crash management system (100) comprising: a crossbeam (10) having a front wall (16), a rear wall (18) and at least two transverse walls (19, 20) connecting the front wall (16) to the rear wall (18) and forming a closed cross section of the crossbeam (10); crash boxes (12) disposed at a distance from each other and connected to the crossbeam (10) and configured to connect the crossbeam (10) to a vehicle structure; and a receiving element (25) for attaching a towing lug, the receiving element (25) being connected to the crossbeam (10) laterally next to one crash box (12), the crossbeam (10) having respective receiving openings (47, 48) in the area of its front wall (16) and its rear wall (18), each receiving opening (47, 48) being adapted to the cross section of the receiving element (25).

Abstract: Example methods are disclosed for generating an image of a rodent in an arena that include generating two pictures of the rodent by two spaced apart cameras, whereas both cameras capture one or more of the rodent or the arena from above and generating a three-dimensional vertical profile of the rodent on the pictures. An example method also includes storing the vertical profile as an image of the rodent.

Abstract: A supported gold catalyst is used for selective oxidation. In particular, an alcohol or ketone is oxidized to produce the corresponding carboxylic acid, an alcohol is oxidized to produce the corresponding ketone, and xylene is oxidized to produce the corresponding mono-alcohol or di-alcohol.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for oxidizing organic compounds using hydrogen peroxide to oxidize an oxidizable organic substrate in the presence of a silylated peroxide-activating metal/silica-containing catalyst and to a method of preparing such a catalyst.

Abstract: An improved catalytic process for decomposing alkyl or aromatic hydroperoxides is disclosed which utilizes a caalytic amount of a heterogeneous Au catalyst that has been treated with an organosilicon reagent.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing hydrocarbons. The process involves contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons. In accordance with this invention, the catalyst used in the process includes at least a Fischer-Tropsch metal selected from Groups 8, 9, and 10 of the periodic table and combinations thereof. The catalyst also includes a fluorided clay support material. The fluorided clay is preferably a fluorided bentonite.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch catalyst comprising a catalytically active first metal selected from the group consisting of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium, and mixtures thereof, at least one second metal selected from the group consisting of silver, iron, zinc, copper, platinum, zirconium and combinations thereof; and a matrix structure comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates and polymethacrylates. The first and second metals are incorporated into the polymer.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch process for producing hydrocarbons, comprising contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one catalytically active metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, iron, nickel and ruthenium and combinations thereof, a catalyst support, and silver. The catalyst may include a promoter. A preferred catalyst comprises cobalt, platinum and/or ruthenium and/or rhenium, and silver supported on a support selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, ZrO2, sulfated ZrO2, WO3—ZrO2, MCM-41, H-Beta, Sylopol SiO2, AlF3, fluorided Al2O3, bentonite, zeolite, TiO2, and SiO2—Al2O3, molecular sieves, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch process is provided in which a cobalt-containing catalyst is supported on a modified zirconia support selected from among silica-zirconia, tungstated zirconia, and sulfated zirconia. The catalyst shows improved performance of up to 70% in the Fischer-Tropsch reaction as compared to a corresponding catalyst supported on unmodified zirconia.

Abstract: Mesoporous materials containing a Group IIA metal are prepared by a sol-gel type techniques.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch catalyst comprising a catalytically active first metal selected from the group consisting of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium, and mixtures thereof, at least one second metal selected from the group consisting of silver, iron, zinc, copper, platinum, zirconium and combinations thereof; and a matrix structure comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates and polymethacrylates. The first and second metals are incorporated into the polymer.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch catalyst comprising a catalytically active first metal selected from the group consisting of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium, and mixtures thereof, at least one second metal selected from the group consisting of silver, iron, zinc, copper, platinum, zirconium and combinations thereof; and a matrix structure comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates and polymethacrylates. The first and second metals are incorporated into the polymer.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing hydrocarbons. The process involves contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons, and uses a catalyst including (a) at least one catalytic metal for Fischer-Tropsch reactions (e.g., iron, cobalt, nickel and/or ruthenium) and (b) a non-layered mesoporous support which exhibits an X-ray diffraction after calcination that has at least one peak at a d-spacing of greater than 18 Ångstrom units.

Abstract: Mesoporous materials containing a Group IIA metal are prepared by a sol-gel type techniques.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing hydrocarbons. The process involves contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons, and uses a catalyst including (a) at least one catalytic metal for Fischer-Tropsch reactions (e.g., iron, cobalt, nickel and/or ruthenium) and (b) a non-layered mesoporous support which exhibits an X-ray diffraction after calcination that has at least one peak at a d-spacing of greater than 18 Ångstrom units.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch process for producing hydrocarbons, comprising contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one catalytically active metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, iron, nickel and ruthenium and combinations thereof, a catalyst support, and silver. The catalyst may include a promoter. A preferred catalyst comprises cobalt, platinum and/or ruthenium and/or rhenium, and silver supported on a support selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, ZrO2, sulfated ZrO2, WO3—ZrO2, MCM-41, H-Beta, Sylopol SiO2, AlF3, fluorided Al2O3, bentonite, zeolite, TiO2, and SiO2—Al2O3, molecular sieves, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing hydrocarbons. The process involves contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons, and uses a catalyst including (a) at least one catalytic metal for Fischer-Tropsch reactions (e.g., iron, cobalt, nickel and/or ruthenium) and (b) a non-layered mesoporous support which exhibits an X-ray diffraction after calcination that has at least one peak at a d-spacing of greater than 18 Ångstrom units.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for oxidizing organic compounds using hydrogen peroxide to oxidize an oxidizable organic substrate in the presence of a silylated peroxide-activating metal/silica-containing catalyst and to a method of preparing such a catalyst.

Abstract: Silylated organic gels can be prepared by the removing substantially all of the water from polyhydroxy benzene-formaldehyde gels, followed by silylation. These silylated organic gel compositions comprise from about 0.01% to about 25% by weight silicon.