Abstract: An ethernet device with safety features at the physical layer and a method for a bi-directional data transfer between two ethernet devices, includes at least one of two ethernet devices with safety features at the physical layer. The ethernet device can switch safety critical traffic from a first ethernet channel to a second ethernet channel if a safety problem has been detected for the first ethernet channel.

Abstract: An apparatus including a plurality of interface devices. The plurality of interface devices each include a first connection device for connecting to a transmission medium. A first interface device of the plurality of interface devices is configured to at least temporarily output at least a first signal, for example a test signal, of at least one second interface device of the plurality of interface devices via its first connection device.

Abstract: The arrangement relates to a voltage transformer for transformation between a direct voltage at a direct voltage gate and a single-phase or multi-phase alternating voltage at an alternating voltage gate by temporal clocking of an electronic switching unit, via which each phase of the alternating voltage gate can be connected either to a positive pole or to a negative pole of the direct voltage gate. The positive pole and/or the negative pole of the direct voltage gate is connected via at least one capacitor to a ground connection. The ground connection can be connected to an external ground, and the connection between the capacitor and the ground connection is guided via at least one switch element. The arrangement also relates to a motor vehicle having the electric powertrain. A diagnosis arrangement includes a voltage source and monitors the state and function of a switching element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a satellite communications system comprising a satellite with a spatial digital modulator for transmitting an incoming bit stream in multiple beams, wherein the spatial digital modulator is configured to generate transmit symbols by dividing the incoming bit stream into symbols of a symbol alphabet and to allocate each transmit symbol to a specific beam. The invention further relates to a method for transmitting a bit stream by such a satellite communications system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a satellite communications system comprising a satellite with a spatial digital modulator for transmitting an incoming bit stream in multiple beams, wherein the spatial digital modulator configured to generate transmit symbols by dividing the incoming bit stream into symbols of a symbol alphabet and to allocate each transmit symbol to a specific beam. The invention further relates to a method for transmitting a bit stream by such a satellite communications system.

Abstract: A method for operating a navigational system having a digital map base which is a reproduction of real geographical regions and contains data on geographical elements, as well as a device which retrieves and processes data, such as an operating device having a display unit. In this context, a data directory of the data present in the digital map base is transmitted to the device which retrieves and processes data, and the device which retrieves and processes data selects data, to be requisitioned from the digital map base using this data directory.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a navigation system comprising a digital map base, which is a representation of actual geographical areas and which contains data of geographical elements. The navigation-system also comprises a unit, which retrieves and processes the data, such as an operating unit provided with a display device. The data in the digital map base is combined in the form of geographically defined page frames. When requesting a page frame from the digital map base, data of geographical elements which extend beyond the edge of the page frame is transferred in such a manner that data pertaining to these geographical elements located outside of the requested page frame is also compiled and transferred.

Abstract: A method, operating unit, navigation system and interface for displaying a predetermined section of a digital map database, which represents a real geographic area, on a display device are described. The digital map database contains data representing various geographic elements. An attribute, which defines a display priority, is assigned to each geographic element. An evaluation is then performed to determine whether or not particular geographic elements in the predetermined section to be displayed should or should not be visible on the display device. A particular geographic element is made visible on the display device when it is located in the predetermined section and when its display-priority-determining attribute satisfies certain selection criteria or selection rules. This method prevents display of too many geographic elements, which would otherwise make the display congested thus producing an unclear display.

Abstract: A method, operating unit, navigation system and interface for displaying a predetermined section of a digital map database, which represents a real geographic area, on a display device are described. The digital map database contains data representing various geographic elements. An attribute, which defines a display priority, is assigned to each geographic element. An evaluation is then performed to determine whether or not particular geographic elements in the predetermined section to be displayed should or should not be visible on the display device. A particular geographic element is made visible on the display device when it is located in the predetermined section and when its display-priority-determining attribute satisfies certain selection criteria or selection rules. This method prevents display of too many geographic elements, which would otherwise make the display congested thus producing an unclear display.