Abstract: A device is provided for electrochemically synthesizing a plurality of molecules. The device includes: (i) one or more electrodes configured to generate reaction conditions to mediate the synthesis of the molecules, and (ii) a structure having a surface configured to attach thereon precursors of the molecules and having a footprint.

Abstract: A system is disclosed that includes an oven and a micromechanical oscillator inside the oven configured to oscillate at a predetermined frequency at a predetermined temperature, where the predetermined frequency is based on a temperature dependency and at least one predetermined property. The system further includes an excitation mechanism configured to excite the micromechanical oscillator to oscillate at the predetermined frequency and a temperature control loop configured to detect a temperature of the micromechanical oscillator using resistive sensing, determine whether the temperature of the micromechanical oscillator is within a predetermined range of the predetermined temperature based on the temperature dependency and the at least one predetermined property in order to minimize frequency drift, and adapt the temperature of the micromechanical oscillator to remain within the predetermined range.

Abstract: A method for estimating the BER for telecommunication systems, particular those characterized by signals having high crest factors or causing large inband nonlinear distortions. The set of signals used by the system is divided into subsets according to a characteristic such as signal crest factor, and a BER estimation method is chosen for each subset. Signals causing a large BER are simulated more efficiently using a Monte Carlo simulation, while low BER estimations more efficiently use a quasi-analytical method. The method results in improved accuracy because the noise contribution in quasi-analytical methods can be better approximated for signals having a small crest factor range, and drastically reduces the number of experiments, measurements or simulations which are needed to obtain an accurate BER estimation, as compared to standard Monte Carlo techniques.

Abstract: A method for estimating the BER for telecommunication systems, particular those characterized by signals having high crest factors or causing large inband nonlinear distortions. The set of signals used by the system is divided into subsets according to a characteristic such as signal crest factor, and a BER estimation method is chosen for each subset. Signals causing a large BER are simulated more efficiently using a Monte Carlo simulation, while low BER estimations more efficiently use a quasi-analytical method. The method results in improved accuracy because the noise contribution in quasi-analytical methods can be better approximated for signals having a small crest factor range, and drastically reduces the number of experiments, measurements or simulations which are needed to obtain an accurate BER estimation, as compared to standard Monte Carlo techniques.