Abstract: A race detection mechanism can include running threads of a multithreaded program on a processor, the program being configured to produce locksets each of which indicate a set of one or more locks that a thread holds at a point in time. The mechanism can cause a performance monitoring unit included in the processor to monitor memory accesses caused by the threads and to produce samples based on the memory accesses, the samples being indicative of an accessed memory location. The mechanism can detect an existence of a data race condition based on the samples and the locksets. Detecting can include identifying a protected access to a memory location by a first thread of the threads and identifying an unprotected access to the memory location by a second thread of the threads. The process selectively outputs an indication of the data race condition.