Abstract: Techniques are presented for securely transmitting a output script or information associated with a payroll and a user between a first node and a second node. The method comprises: determining a symmetric-key based on a common secret, based on a first node second private key and a second node second private key, wherein the second node has the same common secret based on a first node second public key and a second node second private key; encrypting at least part of the output script or information associated with the payroll and the second node with the symmetric-key, to an encrypted output script or encrypted information associated with the payroll and the second node; and sending the encrypted output script or encrypted information associated from the first node to the second node.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and systems which enable additional functionality to be inserted into blockchain scripts with ease and in an effective and manner. According to one embodiment, the invention provides a blockchain-implemented method comprising the steps of arranging a plurality or selection of scripting language primitives to provide, upon execution, the functionality of a high-level scripting language primitive, wherein the scripting language is associated with a blockchain protocol; inserting the plurality of scripting language primitives at least once into a script; and inserting the script into blockchain transaction (Tx). The high-level scripting language primitive may perform, for example, an arithmetic operation such as multiplication or division. The scripting language primitives may be called op-codes, words or commands, and are native to the scripting language. The scripting language may be Script, and the blockchain protocol may be a version of the Bitcoin protocol.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method (900) and system (1) for verifying the integrity of a computer software for installation using a distributed hash table (13) and a peer-to-peer distributed ledger (14). This may be the Bitcoin blockchain or an alternative implementation. The method includes determining (910) a metadata associated with a transaction record stored on the peer-to-peer distributed ledger (14). An indication of an entry stored on the distributed hash table (13) may be determined (920) from the metadata. The method further includes determining (930) a third hash value based on the computer software and determining (940) a fourth hash value from the entry on the distributed hash table (13). The method further includes comparing (950) the third hash value and the fourth hash value and verifying (960) the integrity of the computer software based on the comparing of the third hash value and the fourth hash value.

Abstract: A method (300) and system (1) of determining a common secret for two nodes (3, 7). Each node (3, 7) has a respective asymmetric cryptography pair, each pair including a master private key and a master public key. Respective second private and public keys may be determined based on the master private key, master public key and a deterministic key. A common secret may be determined at each of the nodes based on the second private and public keys. In one example, a node (3, 7) may determine the common secret based on (i) a second private key based on the node's own master private key and the deterministic key; and (ii) a second public key based on the other node's master public key and the deterministic key. The invention may be suited for use with, but not limited to, digital wallets, blockchain (e.g. Bitcoin) technologies and personal device security.

Abstract: A method and system for generating a transaction for a blockchain protocol are disclosed. The method comprises using a software resource to receive, generate, or derive at least one data item, insert, at least once, a portion of code into a script associated with the transaction, where the script is written in a language that is functionally restricted. Upon execution of the script, the portion of code provides functionality of a control flow mechanism controlled or influenced by the at least one data item. The method further comprises using the software resource to generate the blockchain transaction comprising the script and submit the blockchain transaction to a blockchain network.

Abstract: The invention presents a solution in which blockchain Transactions are created to implement the functionality of a logic gate. The invention may be implemented on the Bitcoin platform or an alternative blockchain platform. The transaction includes a locking script which comprises instructions selected so as to implement the functionality of a logic gate such as OR, AND, XOR, NOT and so on. In some examples, the instructions may be provided in a hashed form. When the script is executed (because a second transaction is attempting to spend the output associated with the locking script) the inputs will be processed by the conditional instructions to provide an output of TRUE or FALSE. The second transaction is transmitted to the blockchain network for validation and, if determined to be valid, it will be written to the blockchain. Validation of the second transaction can be interpreted as a TRUE output. Thus, the locking script of the first transaction provides the functionality of the desired logic gate.

Abstract: Techniques are presented for the implementation of automated processes, such as device/system control, process control, distributed computing and storage, and event detecting, monitoring and/or counting mechanism. The event may be, for example, a vote, decision or selection which is made by a given entity. A counting solution is presented in which a computing resource, running simultaneously and in parallel to the blockchain, manages a loop-based operation. The computing resource continuously monitors the state of the blockchain as well as any other off-blockchain input data or source. The execution of the loop is influenced by the state of the blockchain. Each iteration of the loop that is executed by the computing resource is recorded in a transaction that is written to the blockchain.

Abstract: Techniques are presented to enable or facilitate the execution of a portion of source code, written in a high-level language (HLL), on a blockchain platform. The technique comprises receiving a portion of source code as input; and generating an output script comprising a plurality of op_codes. The op_codes are a subset of op_codes that are native to a functionally-restricted, blockchain scripting language. The outputted script is arranged and/or generated such that, when executed, the script provides, at least in part, the functionality specified in the source code. The blockchain scripting language is restricted such that it does not natively support complex control-flow constructs or recursion via jump-based loops or other recursive programming constructs.

Abstract: A first token associated with a first set of metadata and a first quantity of an asset is minted. A condition for triggering a process to duplicate the first token is determined to have been fulfilled. A second token that duplicates the first token is minted by at least causing a token minting transaction to be recorded to a peer-to-peer distributed ledger, wherein the token minting transaction associates a second set of metadata with the second token with the second set of metadata matching the first set of metadata, allocates the first quantity of the asset to the second token, and indicates that the first quantity of the asset has been transferred to the second token and that the first token is no longer valid. Aa identifier for the second token is provided, where the identifier is usable to determine that the second token is valid.

Abstract: The invention presents a solution in which blockchain transactions are created to implement the functionality of a logic gate. The invention may be implemented on the Bitcoin platform or an alternative blockchain platform. The transaction includes a locking script which comprises instructions to process Boolean inputs and implement the functionality of a logic gate, such as the XOR gate. When the script is executed, the inputs will be evaluated, using computing agents, to provide an output of TRUE or FALSE, and the output will be subsequently provided to an unlocking script associated with a second transaction attempting to spend the output associated with the locking script. The second transaction is transmitted to the blockchain network for validation and, if determined to be valid (evaluated to a TRUE output), it will be written to the blockchain. Thus, the locking script of the first transaction provides the functionality.

Abstract: Distributing first shares of a first secret value, known to a first participant, to second participants. The first shares encrypted using a private key and a public key that is elliptic curve generator point multiplied by the private key. A first threshold number of first shares being required to enable a second participant to determine the first secret value. A second share of a second secret value is received from each of the second participants. The second shares encrypted using a private key and a public key that is an elliptic curve generator point multiplied by the private key. A second threshold number of second shares being required to enable a participant other than the second participant to determine the second secret value. A third share of a third secret value formed from the second shares. A third threshold number of third shares being required to enable the third secret value to be determined.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and systems which enable additional functionality to be inserted into blockchain scripts with ease and in an effective and manner. According to one embodiment, the invention provides a blockchain-implemented method comprising the steps of arranging a plurality or selection of scripting language primitives to provide, upon execution, the functionality of a high-level scripting language primitive, wherein the scripting language is associated with a blockchain protocol; inserting the plurality of scripting language primitives at least once into a script; and inserting the script into blockchain transaction (Tx). The high-level scripting language primitive may perform, for example, an arithmetic operation such as multiplication or division. The scripting language primitives may be called op-codes, words or commands, and are native to the scripting language. The scripting language may be Script, and the blockchain protocol may be a version of the Bitcoin protocol.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to blockchain implementations and is suited for, but not limited to, use with the Bitcoin blockchain. It can be used for the implementation of automated processes such as device/system control, process control, distributed computing and storage and others. The invention provides an event detecting, monitoring and/or counting mechanism. The event may be, for example, a vote, decision or selection which is made by a given entity. The invention provides a counting solution in which a computing resource, running simultaneously and in parallel to the blockchain, manages a loop-based operation. The computing resource continuously monitors the state of the blockchain as well as any other off-blockchain input data or source. The execution of the loop is influenced by the state of the blockchain. Each iteration of the loop that is executed by the computing resource is recorded in a transaction that is written to the blockchain. It is stored as a hash within the transaction's metadata.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of determining the validity of a token (T) associated with a quantity of cryptocurrency is provided. In some embodiments, the method comprises: a second user (B) receiving, over a communications network, a first transaction comprising a transfer of the token (T) from a first user (A) to the second user (B), querying a peer-to-peer distributed ledger to determine whether an authenticated transaction associated with the token (T) can be identified, wherein the authenticated transaction comprises a previous transaction associated with the token (T) and wherein the token (T) has been authorised and responsive to identifying an authenticated transaction, determining that the token (T) is valid.

Abstract: A computer implemented method for performing a transfer includes scanning entries in a distributed hash table (DHT) distributed across a first network, the DHT comprising entries including invitations to perform an exchange and links to transactions on a peer-to-peer (P2P) distributed ledger distributed across a second network, each invitation indicates entities to be exchanged and conditions for the exchange; determining a match between first metadata in a first invitation of a first entry from a first user and second metadata in a second invitation of a second entry from a second user; and broadcasting, over the second network, a first exchange transaction for inclusion on a P2P distributed ledger. The first exchange transaction may include an indication of a first quantity of a cryptocurrency to be transferred. A first output indicates a transfer of a first quantity of the first entity from the first user to the second user.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and systems which enable additional functionality to be inserted into blockchain scripts with ease and in an effective and manner. According to one embodiment, the invention provides a blockchain-implemented method comprising the steps of arranging a plurality or selection of scripting language primitives to provide, upon execution, the functionality of a high-level scripting language primitive, wherein the scripting language is associated with a blockchain protocol; inserting the plurality of scripting language primitives at least once into a script; and inserting the script into blockchain transaction (Tx). The high-level scripting language primitive may perform, for example, an arithmetic operation such as multiplication or division. The scripting language primitives may be called op-codes, words or commands, and are native to the scripting language. The scripting language may be Script, and the blockchain protocol may be a version of the Bitcoin protocol.

Abstract: A secure method for exchanging entities via a blockchain is presented. The method comprises receiving, from a user over a communications network, an invitation to perform an exchange of entities; generating a redeem script comprising metadata; hashing the redeem script to generate a redeem script hash; sending the first script and the first script hash on a distributed hash table (DHT); and generating an invitation transaction comprising an output associated with an encrypted digital asset, and a hash of a script comprising an indication of entities to be exchanged, conditions for the exchange, and a public cryptographic key associated with the user.

Abstract: The invention presents a solution in which blockchain Transactions are created to implement the functionality of a logic gate. The invention may be implemented on the Bitcoin platform or an alternative blockchain platform. The transaction includes a locking script which comprises instructions selected so as to implement the functionality of a logic gate, such as the XOR gate. When the script is executed (because a second transaction is attempting to spend the output associated with the locking script) the inputs will be processed by the conditional instructions to provide an output of TRUE or FALSE. The inputs are pre-processed by one or more computing agents so that they are evaluated to TRUE or FASLE prior to being used as inputs to the script. The second transaction is transmitted to the blockchain network for validation and, if determined to be valid, it will be written to the blockchain. Validation of the second transaction can be interpreted as a TRUE output.

Abstract: A solution for controlling access to a resource such as a digital wallet implemented using a blockchain. Use of the invention during set-up of the wallet can enable subsequent operations to be handled in a secure manner over an insecure channel. An example method comprises splitting a verification element into multiple shares; determining a common secret at multiple nodes in a network; and using the common secret to transmit a share of the verification element between nodes. The shares can be split such that no share is sufficient to determine the verification element and can be stored at separate locations. Upon share unavailability, the share can be retrieved a location accessibility. For safe transmission of the share(s), the common secret is generated at two different nodes independently and used to generate an encryption key for encrypting at least one share of the verification element to be transmitted securely.

Abstract: A method of sharing a secret value is disclosed. The method comprises distributing respective first shares of a first secret value, known to a first participant (Pi), to a plurality of second participants (Pj?i), wherein said first shares are encrypted by means of at least one private-public key pair comprising a private key and a public key being an elliptic curve generator point multiplied by the private key and wherein a first threshold number of first shares is required in order to enable a second participant to determine the first secret value.