Abstract: A method for determining if a spore in a self-contained biological indicator is in a germination phase is provided. The method includes subjecting a self-contained biological indicator to a sterilization process; exposing spores in the self-contained biological indicator to a growth medium; incubating the spores in the self-contained biological indicator; sampling headspace in the self-contained biological indicator; and determining if a volatile organic compound attributable to the germination phase of the spores in the biological indicator is released into headspace upon contact with the growth medium, wherein the presence of the volatile organic compound attributable to the germination phase of the spores in the self-contained biological indicator indicates failure of the sterilization process. A method for determining if a sterilization process was successful or was a failure by measuring VOC concentration is also provided.

Abstract: A velocity limiting device providing greater resistance to motion through a fluid in one direction than in the opposite direction. The device includes a toroidally shaped control member having a smooth generally conical surface on one side for low resistance movement through the fluid in the one direction. On its opposite side the control member is formed with at least one groove providing a concave surface spaced from which is an arrangement of vanes forming a jet for directing a stream of fluid into the groove upon movement in the opposite direction whereby the resultant increase in fluid turbulence increases resistance to rapid movement in this opposite direction.