Abstract: An integrated sensor that is capable of discriminating the distance of a label from the sensor without using an optical signal. The label is attached to a single probe molecule or a group of probe molecules that interacts with a single or group of target molecules. As a consequence of this interaction, the probe molecule and/or the target molecule undergo a conformal change. This conformal change leads to perturbations in the distance of the label from the sensor. Thus, measurements and properties such as the concentration and the identity of one or more target molecules can be discerned from signals generated by the sensor (or by a plurality of sensors in a sensor array) and subjected to analysis using general purpose programmable computers programmed with suitable software that controls the analytical process, and such measurements and properties can be provided as a result of the analysis.

Abstract: An integrated sensor that is capable of discriminating the distance of a label from the sensor without using an optical signal. The label is attached to a single probe molecule or a group of probe molecules that interacts with a single or group of target molecules. As a consequence of this interaction, the probe molecule and/or the target molecule undergo a conformal change. This conformal change leads to perturbations in the distance of the label from the sensor. Thus, measurements and properties such as the concentration and the identity of one or more target molecules can be discerned from signals generated by the sensor (or by a plurality of sensors in a sensor array) and subjected to analysis using general purpose programmable computers programmed with suitable software that controls the analytical process, and such measurements and properties can be provided as a result of the analysis.

Abstract: A mechanical linkage device is provided for replacing the master and slave cylinders and associated parts in a hydraulic vehicular clutch system to convert the system to direct mechanical operation. The linkage device, provided in kit form and installable as a unit, is attached by welding to one end of the pre-existing cross shaft in the clutch system, and includes an elongated actuating rod one end of which is pivotally attached in the linkage device and the other end of which engages the throw-out fork of the clutch system in place of the pre-existing slave cylinder piston rod. The point of pivotal attachment can be varied relative to the axis of rotation of the cross shaft, and the effective length of the actuating rod can also be adjusted, to adapt the linkage device for proper installation and operation in a given vehicular clutch system.