Abstract: A portable, personal storage and carrying case for an e-liquid e-cigarette PV in which the case includes: (a) a power source for re-charging a rechargeable battery in the PV; (b) a reservoir for holding e-liquid; and (c) a fluid transfer system adapted to transfer e-liquid from the reservoir to a chamber in the PV.

Abstract: A user-replaceable e-liquid cartridge adapted to be inserted into or attached to a portable, personal storage and carrying case for an e-liquid e-cigarette PV. The combination of cartridge and case forms in normal use a portable, personal device for the storage and carrying of the PV and its re-filling with e-liquid.

Abstract: A portable, personal storage and carrying case for an e-liquid e-cigarette PV in which the case includes (a) user-replaceable e-liquid cartridge; and (b) a fluid transfer system adapted to transfer e-liquid from the cartridge to a chamber in the PV; in which the case includes a data processor that controls sending a signal requesting a replacement for a user-replaceable e-liquid cartridge in the case.

Abstract: A portable, personal storage and carrying case for an e-liquid e-cigarette PV in which the case is adapted to lock the PV securely in a charging position; and when the PV is locked in the charging position, then electrical charging contacts on the PV are in direct or indirect engagement with electrical charging contacts in the case that are connected to a power source, such as a rechargeable battery, in the case.

Abstract: A portable, personal storage and carrying case for an e-liquid e-cigarette PV in which the case includes a movable holder or chassis into which the PV can be inserted to bring electrical charging contacts on the PV into direct or indirect engagement with electrical charging contacts in the case that are connected to a power source in the case.

Abstract: A re-fillable and re-chargeable e-cigarette PV in which the PV is locked securely in a heating position by a locking system in a portable case, during which time the PV is heating its atomiser whilst connected to a power source in the case and, after the PV has been sufficiently heated, is released from the locking system.

Abstract: A re-fillable and re-chargeable e-cigarette PV that is not disassembled in normal use for re-filling or replenishing with e-liquid and is also not disassembled in normal use for battery access or replacement or other battery interaction.

Abstract: A portable, personal storage and carrying case for an e-liquid e-cigarette PV which is operable to re-fill the PV with e-liquid if the PV is inserted, fully or in part, into the case, whilst maintaining the PV whole and intact.

Abstract: A re-fillable and re-chargeable e-cigarette PV in which the PV has a tip that includes (a) an e-liquid filling aperture that is designed to engage an e-liquid transfer mechanism (b) one or more vapour outlets distributed around the e-liquid filling aperture; and electrical charging contacts spaced apart from the tip.

Abstract: A re-fillable and re-chargeable e-cigarette PV in which the PV indicates consumption of e-liquid using a visual indicator that extends or moves along the body.

Abstract: A re-fillable and re-chargeable e-cigarette PV in which the PV includes a tip that includes (a) an e-liquid filling aperture or nozzle that is designed to engage an e-liquid transfer mechanism, the aperture or nozzle being centrally positioned along the long axis of the PV, the aperture or nozzle being connected to an e-liquid storage chamber in the PV; (b) one or more vapour outlets distributed around the e-liquid filling aperture; and in which the or each vapour outlet is connected by a passage to a vapour chamber including a vaporising element, and the vapour chamber is sealed from the e-liquid storage chamber.

Abstract: A user-replaceable e-liquid cartridge adapted to be inserted into or attached to a portable, personal storage and carrying case for an e-liquid e-cigarette PV. The combination of cartridge and case forms in normal use a portable, personal device for the storage and carrying of the PV and its re-filling with e-liquid.

Abstract: A portable, personal storage and carrying case for an e-liquid e-cigarette PV in which the case includes: (a) a power source for re-charging a rechargeable battery in the PV; (b) a reservoir for holding e-liquid; and (c) a fluid transfer system adapted to transfer e-liquid from the reservoir to a chamber in the PV.

Abstract: A method of cleaning power cells in an array of power cells, comprising coupling at least one first power cell to second power cells in an array of power cells and causing the second power cells to drive the at least one first power cell with a voltage to clean catalyst on the at least one first power cell.

Abstract: A control circuit controls power generation by a power cell in a presence of fuel and oxidant through electrical control. The control circuit may be extended to an array of power cells or array of banks of power cells to configure the cells or banks in series-row and column combinations to generate power in a selectable manner. The controller may include basic power maintenance and control of the array of power cells, and high level control modules may provide unique power generation control to cause the array to cold start, output time-varying waveforms, output multiple DC voltages from a single source of energy, regulate voltage or current, and so forth. Because the power cells may be configured in vast arrays, power cells may be connected to a group of other power cells in the array and driven with a time-varying voltage or pulse to self-clean catalyst of contaminants.

Abstract: A power cell comprises a membrane with a first side and a second side. The membrane has a geometric structure encompassing a volume. The power cell also has a cover that is coupled to the membrane to separate the first flow path from the second flow path at the membrane. In the power cell, first and second catalyst is in gaseous communication with respective first flow path and second flow path and in ionic communication with respective first and second sides of the membrane. Furthermore, a first electrode is electrically coupled to the first catalyst on the first side of the membrane, and a second electrode is electrically coupled to the second catalyst on the second side of the membrane. In another embodiment, the power cell further includes a substrate on which the membrane is coupled.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus of reacting reaction components. The method comprises electro-chemically reacting reaction components on opposite sides of at least one membrane with at least one catalyst encompassing a respective volume. In another embodiment, the method includes conducting electrolysis, such as electrolysis of water. The apparatus includes at least one membrane with first and second sides encompassing a respective volume. The apparatus further includes at least one catalyst coupled to the first and second sides to electro-chemically react reaction components on the first and second sides in gaseous communication with the at least one catalyst, and a cover coupled to the at least one membrane to separate flow paths on the first and second sides.

Abstract: A power cell comprises a membrane with a first side and a second side. The membrane has a geometric structure encompassing a volume. The power cell also has a cover that is coupled to the membrane to separate the first flow path from the second flow path at the membrane. In the power cell, first and second catalyst is in gaseous communication with respective first flow path and second flow path and in ionic communication with respective first and second sides of the membrane. Furthermore, a first electrode is electrically coupled to the first catalyst on the first side of the membrane, and a second electrode is electrically coupled to the second catalyst on the second side of the membrane. In another embodiment, the power cell further includes a substrate on which the membrane is coupled.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus of reacting reaction components. The method comprises electro-chemically reacting reaction components on opposite sides of at least one membrane with at least one catalyst encompassing a respective volume. In another embodiment, the method includes conducting electrolysis, such as electrolysis of water. The apparatus includes at least one membrane with first and second sides encompassing a respective volume. The apparatus further includes at least one catalyst coupled to the first and second sides to electro-chemically react reaction components on the first and second sides in gaseous communication with the at least one catalyst, and a cover coupled to the at least one membrane to separate flow paths on the first and second sides.

Abstract: A self-regulating gas generator that, in response to gas demand, supplies and automatically adjusts the amount of gas (e.g., hydrogen or oxygen) catalytically generated in a chemical supply chamber from an appropriate chemical supply, such as a chemical solution, gas dissolved in liquid, or mixture. In some embodiments, the gas generator may employ a piston, rotating rod, or other element(s) to expose the chemical supply to the catalyst in controlled amounts. In another embodiment, the self-regulating gas generator uses bang-bang control, with the element(s) exposing a catalyst, contained within the chemical supply chamber, to the chemical supply in ON and OFF states according to a self-adjusting duty cycle, thereby generating and outputting the gas in an orientation-independent manner. The gas generator may be used to provide gas for various gas consuming devices, such as a fuel cell, torch, or oxygen respiratory devices.