Abstract: Described is a process for preparing polyaniline polymer which includes contacting aniline monomers with (a) hydrogen peroxide, (b) at least one acid, including hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, or a mixture thereof, and (c) a catalytic amount of at least one metal-containing compound or complex, under reaction conditions sufficient to form a polymerization reaction product containing a polyaniline polymer. It has been discovered that the processes described herein provide means to prepare polyaniline having a relatively high conductivity at a high degree of aniline monomer conversion using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a given compound or changes in the concentration of such compound from a baseline concentration by means of a solid phase, film electrolyte, and being operable in a dissociative, galvanic or amperometric mode.

Abstract: An apparatus for the quantitative determination of chlorine in a fluid environment, comprising a flat ion exchange membrane-based sensor which utilizes a layer of an electrochemically inert hydrated salt or combination of such salts to provide water for the reduction of such chlorine to chloride ion, and the detection of chlorine by such reduction.

Abstract: In a direct-oxidation ethylene oxide process of the type comprising a) reacting a feed gas stream including ethylene and a commercially-pure oxygen in one or more reactors and b) absorbing out ethylene oxide from the product stream from the one or more reactors in a first absorption zone, the improvement comprising recovering unreacted ethylene from an ethylene-rich argon purge gas stream via an absorber and a stripper in combination, recycling the recovered ethylene to the feed gas stream, and purging an ethylene-lean argon purge gas stream.

Abstract: This invention relates to a solid polyelectrolyte polymer film which comprises a polymer, a plasticizer for the polymer, an epoxidized vegetable oil, and an electrolyte.

Abstract: A novel electrochemical cell monitoring apparatus for a caustic-chlorine electrolyzer, which includes a voltmeter, a standard calomel reference electrode, a flexible conduit for cell bath, preferably of multilayer construction, and a conduit support body placed between electrode walls to prevent crimping of the conduit when the walls of the electrolyzer are pressed together or dislocation during operation, and the method of monitoring a selected electrochemical cell which includes connecting an electrode of the selected cell and the standard reference electrode to the voltmeter, providing cell bath from the electrode of the selected cell through the conduit to the liquid junction of the standard reference electrode, operating the electrolyzer and reading the voltage on the voltmeter to compare with a predetermined standard voltage.

Abstract: A process for electrochemically coupling anions of organic radicals to form multifunctional compounds having the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from --CN, CO.sub.2 Et, --R .sub.4 CH.sub.2 Et, --CO.sub.2 R.sub.4, and --COCH.sub.3 ; R.sub.3 is Br, H, or Et, and R.sub.4 is C.sub.1-12 alkyl; and the novel compounds per se.

Abstract: This invention relates to a static dissipative laminate film produced by: coating a surface of a first plasticized thermoplastic film with graphite or carbon; overlaying the coated surface of the first film with a second plasticized thermoplastic film; and pressing the first and second films together to form a laminate film.

Abstract: This invention relates to a secondary battery comprised of a polymer film, and first and second collector plates. The polymer film comprises a polymer, a plasticizer for the polymer, an epoxidized vegetable oil, graphite and a salt disassociatingly solubilized by the plasticizer. The salt has the formula MX.sub.a, wherein X is chloride, bromide or iodide, M is a metal ion having a reduction-oxidation potential greater than that of X and a is the oxidation number of M.

Abstract: This invention relates to a secondary battery comprised of three polymer films, the third containing an electrolyte and the first and second containing an electrochemical species which may be in an anodic or a cathodic state depending upon whether the battery is discharging or is being recharged. The third polymer sheet is substantially not electrically conductive under battery discharge voltages, but is electrically conductive under battery recharge voltages. The first and second sheets are electrically conductive under both the discharge and recharge voltages. In a preferred form, the electrolyte and the electrochemical species are uniformly distributed within their respective films by dissolving the electrolyte and the species in a plasticizer which is incorporated within the polymer films.

Abstract: A flow-through electrochemical cell for sequentially oxidizing and reducing an aryl compound. The cell includes a cell body forming a compartment to hold an aqueous electrolyte solution, a porous anodic electrode, and a porous cathodic electrode. The anodic electrode includes a first porous layer of a hydrophobic material, a second porous layer with an oxidation catalyst dispersed therein, and a current collector in electrical contact with the second layer. The cathodic electrode comprises a block of a porous, electrically-conductive material impregnated with lead particles. The cell is particularly useful for the preparation of aryl hydroquinones at very high current efficiencies, high current densities, and low voltages.

Abstract: A flow-through electrochemical cell for sequentially oxidizing and reducing an aryl compound. The cell includes a cell body forming a compartment to hold an aqueous electrolyte solution, a porous anodic electrode, and a porous cathodic electrode. The anodic electrode includes a first porous layer of a hydrophobic material, a second porous layer with an oxidation catalyst dispersed therein, and a current collector in electrical contact with the second layer. The cathodic electrode comprises a block of a porous, electrically-conductive material impregnated with lead particles. The cell is particularly useful for the preparation of aryl hydroquinones at very high current efficiencies, high current densities, and low voltages.

Abstract: As novel compounds, ethane tetraphosphonate esters, including octaalkyl and trimethylsilyl esters, and ethylene tetraphosphonic acid, as well as new compositions including a mixture of the acid with tetramethyl methylene diphosphonic acid, and a process for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new uniformly crosslinked polymer having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an alkylene, a cycloalkylene, an alkenylene, an alkynlene or a p-arylene and n is a whole integer greater than 1 and less than 100,000.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of a tetraalkyl 1,1,2,2-ethenetetracarboxylate by the electrolysis of a liquid electrolysis medium containing diethyl malonate, an iodide ion electrolyte, and methanol. The electrolysis is run with a current density within the range of about 15 mA/cm.sup.2 to about 80 mA/cm.sup.2 and at a temperature within the range of about 25.degree. to about 60.degree. C.

Abstract: A flow-through electrochemical cell for sequentially oxidizing and reducing an aryl compound. The cell includes a cell body forming a compartment to hold an aqueous electrolyte solution, a porous anodic electrode, and a porous cathodic electrode. The anodic electrode includes a first porous layer of a hydrophobic material, a second porous layer with an oxidation catalyst dispersed therein, and a current collector in electrical contact with the second layer. The cathodic electrode comprises a block of a porous, electrically-conductive material impregnated with lead particles. The cell is particularly useful for the preparation of aryl hydroquinones at very high current efficiencies, high current densities, and low voltages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and electrochemical cell useful for the selective electrochemical oxidation of aryl-compounds including aromatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, naphthalene and anthracene or their derivatives such as phenols and naphthols. The anodic electrode of the cell includes a first foraminous or porous layer of a hydrophobic material; a second foraminous or porous layer which includes an oxidation catalyst; and an electrical current collector in contact with the second layer. As a result of the special chemical properties and porosity of the first and second layers of the anode, and because of careful control of the pressure differential between the electrolyte solution and the aryl-compound, an active interface is formed by the electrolyte solution and aryl-compound between the first and second layers or in the second layer of the anode thereby providing for very selective controlled oxidation of the aryl-compound with excellent current efficiencies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and electrochemical cell useful for the selective electrochemical oxidation of aryl-compounds including aromatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, naphthalene and anthracene or their derivatives such as phenols and naphthols. The anodic electrode of the cell includes a first foraminous or porous layer of a hydrophobic material; a second foraminous or porous layer which includes an oxidation catalyst; and an electrical current collector in contact with the second layer. As a result of the special chemical properties and porosity of the first and second layers of the anode, and because of careful control of the pressure differential between the electrolyte solution and the aryl-compound, an active interface is formed by the electrolyte solution and aryl-compound between the first and second layers or in the second layer of the anode thereby providing for very selective controlled oxidation of the aryl-compound with excellent current efficiencies.