Abstract: Managing database transactions in a distributed database system includes: maintaining, at a first node, a first plurality of records of transactions, each associated with a transaction and including a start time of the transaction and a start time of an oldest transaction that was active at the start time of the transaction; maintaining, at a second node, a second plurality of records of transactions, including records of completed transactions associated with the second node, each including a transaction start time and a transaction end time; receiving at the second node, a message from the first node including a start time of an oldest transaction that was active at the transaction start time of the oldest currently active transaction in the system; and removing, from the second plurality of records, any records of completed transactions with a transaction end time occurring before the start time of the oldest transaction.

Abstract: Managing potentially concurrent transactions in a distributed database system includes: maintaining, at a first node, records of transactions executing on one or more nodes, each having a transaction state, execution of a first transaction at a second node including an operation for accessing a first data element stored on the second node and execution of a second transaction at the second node including an operation for accessing the first data element; receiving, at the second node from the first node, a list of transactions including any transactions executing on the second node and having a first transaction state at a time of initiation of the second transaction, and including the first transaction; determining that an outcome of the second transaction depends on an outcome of the first transaction based on the list; and suspending execution of the second transaction until after the first transaction is complete based on the determining.

Abstract: Managing database transactions in a distributed database system includes: maintaining, at a first node, a first plurality of records of transactions, each associated with a transaction and including a start time of the transaction and a start time of an oldest transaction that was active at the start time of the transaction; maintaining, at a second node, a second plurality of records of transactions, including records of completed transactions associated with the second node, each including a transaction start time and a transaction end time; receiving at the second node, a message from the first node including a start time of an oldest transaction that was active at the transaction start time of the oldest currently active transaction in the system; and removing, from the second plurality of records, any records of completed transactions with a transaction end time occurring before the start time of the oldest transaction.

Abstract: Managing potentially concurrent transactions in a distributed database system includes: maintaining, at a first node, records of transactions executing on one or more nodes, each having a transaction state, execution of a first transaction at a second node including an operation for accessing a first data element stored on the second node and execution of a second transaction at the second node including an operation for accessing the first data element; receiving, at the second node from the first node, a list of transactions including any transactions executing on the second node and having a first transaction state at a time of initiation of the second transaction, and including the first transaction; determining that an outcome of the second transaction depends on an outcome of the first transaction based on the list; and suspending execution of the second transaction until after the first transaction is complete based on the determining.