Abstract: The present disclosure is related to techniques for converting a natural language utterance to a logical form query and deriving a natural language interpretation of the logical form query. The techniques include accessing a Meaning Resource Language (MRL) query and converting the MRL query into a MRL structure including logical form statements. The converting includes extracting operations and associated attributes from the MRL query and generating the logical form statements from the operations and associated attributes. The techniques further include translating each of the logical form statements into a natural language expression based on a grammar data structure that includes a set of rules for translating logical form statements into corresponding natural language expressions, combining the natural language expressions into a single natural language expression, and providing the single natural language expression as an interpretation of the natural language utterance.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed herein for converting a natural language utterance to an intermediate database query representation. An input string is generated by concatenating a natural language utterance with a database schema representation for a database. Based on the input string, a first encoder generates one or more embeddings of the natural language utterance and the database schema representation. A second encoder encodes relations between elements in the database schema representation and words in the natural language utterance based on the one or more embeddings. A grammar-based decoder generates an intermediate database query representation based on the encoded relations and the one or more embeddings. Based on the intermediate database query representation and an interface specification, a database query is generated in a database query language.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed herein for using named entity recognition to resolve entity expression while transforming natural language to a meaning representation language. In one aspect, a method includes accessing natural language text, predicting, by a first machine learning model, a class label for a token in the natural language text, predicting, by a second machine-learning model, operators for a meaning representation language and a value or value span for each attribute of the operators, in response to determining that the value or value span for a particular attribute matches the class label, converting a portion of the natural language text for the value or value span into a resolved format, and outputting syntax for the meaning representation language. The syntax comprises the operators with the portion of the natural language text for the value or value span in the resolved format.

Abstract: Techniques are described for invoking and switching between chatbots of a chatbot system. In some embodiments, the chatbot system is capable of routing an utterance received while a user is already interacting with a first chatbot in the chatbot system. For instance, the chatbot system may identify a second chatbot based on determining that (i) such an utterance is an invalid input to the first chatbot or (ii) that the first chatbot is attempting to route the utterance to a destination associated with the first chatbot. Identifying the second chatbot can involve computing, using a predictive model, separate confidence scores for the first chatbot and the second chatbot, and then determining that a confidence score for the second chatbot satisfies one or more confidence score thresholds. The utterance is then routed to the second chatbot based on the identifying of the second chatbot.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to chatbot systems and, more particularly, to techniques for determining that an input utterance is representative of a task that a particular chatbot can perform, based on matching the input utterance to a template. Techniques are also described for generating templates based on example utterances that have been provided for a chatbot. In certain embodiments, an initial set of templates is generated based on example utterances. This initial set of templates is then refined using template generalization techniques, which can be performed at the word or sentence level to generate a final set of templates for use at runtime, when the templates are matched against user utterances. The final set of templates may include one or more generalized templates that were derived from the initial set of templates and may also include the initial set of templates.

Abstract: Techniques are described for invoking and switching between chatbots of a chatbot system. In some embodiments, the chatbot system is capable of routing an utterance received while a user is already interacting with a first chatbot in the chatbot system. For instance, the chatbot system may identify a second chatbot based on determining that (i) such an utterance is an invalid input to the first chatbot or (ii) that the first chatbot is attempting to route the utterance to a destination associated with the first chatbot. Identifying the second chatbot can involve computing, using a predictive model, separate confidence scores for the first chatbot and the second chatbot, and then determining that a confidence score for the second chatbot satisfies one or more confidence score thresholds. The utterance is then routed to the second chatbot based on the identifying of the second chatbot.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to chatbot systems and, more particularly, to techniques for determining that an input utterance is representative of a task that a particular chatbot can perform, based on matching the input utterance to a template. Techniques are also described for generating templates based on example utterances that have been provided for a chatbot. In certain embodiments, an initial set of templates is generated based on example utterances. This initial set of templates is then refined using template generalization techniques, which can be performed at the word or sentence level to generate a final set of templates for use at runtime, when the templates are matched against user utterances. The final set of templates may include one or more generalized templates that were derived from the initial set of templates and may also include the initial set of templates.

Abstract: Techniques are described for invoking and switching between chatbots of a chatbot system. In some embodiments, the chatbot system is capable of routing an utterance received while a user is already interacting with a first chatbot in the chatbot system. For instance, the chatbot system may identify a second chatbot based on determining that (i) such an utterance is an invalid input to the first chatbot or (ii) that the first chatbot is attempting to route the utterance to a destination associated with the first chatbot. Identifying the second chatbot can involve computing, using a predictive model, separate confidence scores for the first chatbot and the second chatbot, and then determining that a confidence score for the second chatbot satisfies one or more confidence score thresholds. The utterance is then routed to the second chatbot based on the identifying of the second chatbot.