Abstract: Disclosed is a method for editing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) within a cell, which include introducing into the cell (a) a DNA cleaving enzyme targeted to the mtDNA sequence to be deleted; (b) a first DNA binding component targeted to a sequence adjacent to the 5? end of a mtDNA sequence to be deleted; and (c) a second DNA binding component targeted to a sequence adjacent to the 3? end of the mtDNA sequence to be deleted, where the DNA cleaving enzyme generates a double stranded break (DSB) within the mtDNA sequence to be deleted or generates a single strand nick on the light strand of the mtDNA sequence to be deleted, and wherein the mtDNA sequence between the target sequence for the first DNA binding component and the target sequence for the second DNA binding component is deleted.

Abstract: This document relates to materials and methods for administering (e.g., topically administering) one or more vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors to reduce and/or treat ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin injury. For example, compositions including one or more VEGF inhibitors that can be administered (e.g., topically administered) to a mammal to reduce and/or treat UV-induced skin injury following UV exposure are provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for assembling nucleic acid constructs (e.g., TALENs). For example, methods for assembling TALEs that are rapid, flexible for use in many cloning scaffolds (such as common nuclease and nickase backbones), and achievable with standard molecular biology laboratory tools, thereby making TALEs a more accessible genome system, are provided.

Abstract: Materials and methods for generating targeted knock ins and gene replacements with high precision and efficiency are provided herein.

Abstract: This document relates to materials and methods for administering (e.g., topically administering) one or more vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors to reduce and/or treat ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin injury. For example, compositions including one or more VEGF inhibitors that can be administered (e.g., topically administered) to a mammal to reduce and/or treat UV-induced skin injury following UV exposure are provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for activating muscle remodeling. For example, methods and materials for using GAR1 inhibitors to activate muscle remodeling are provided.

Abstract: Materials and methods for making targeted changes (e.g., deletions) in mitochondrial DNA are described.

Abstract: A method of executing a hearing test includes sending an audio signal to a noise cancelling audio device worn by a user, outputting instructions associated with the audio signal to a portable computing device having a display screen viewed by the user, receiving an input associated with audio signal via the display screen of the portable computing device, generating an audiogram based at least in part on the input, and outputting the audiogram to the portable computing device for display on the display screen to the user.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for assembling nucleic acid constructs (e.g., TALENs). For example, methods for assembling TALEs that are rapid, flexible for use in many cloning scaffolds (such as common nuclease and nickase backbones), and achievable with standard molecular biology laboratory tools, thereby making TALEs a more accessible genome system, are provided.

Abstract: This document provides materials and methods for editing a genome (e.g., an animal genome in vivo). For example, methods and materials for using a targeted endonuclease and a donor nucleic acid having a length within a particular range (e.g., from 20 to 95 nucleotides) to edit a genome are provided.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and materials related to modulating syndecan levels and angiogenesis in an animal. The invention provides syndecan polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding syndecan polypeptides, including dominant negative syndecan polypeptides. The invention also provides polynucleotides and polynucleotide analogues for modulating angiogenesis, as well as cells and embryos containing the polynucleotides and polynucleotide analogues. The invention further provides methods for identifying syndecan- and angiogenesis-modulating agents.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and materials related to modulating syndecan levels and angiogenesis in an animal. The invention provides syndecan polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding syndecan polypeptides, including dominant negative syndecan polypeptides. The invention also provides polynucleotides and polynucleotide analogues for modulating angiogenesis, as well as cells and embryos containing the polynucleotides and polynucleotide analogues. The invention further provides methods for identifying syndecan- and angiogenesis-modulating agents.

Abstract: The invention provides sequence specific polynucleotide analogues and methods for determining the function of a nucleic acid of known sequence.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and materials related to modulating angiogenesis in an animal. The invention provides polynucleotides and modified polynucleotides such as morpholino-modified polynucleotides for modulating angiogenesis, as well as cells and embryos containing these polynucleotides. The invention also provides methods for identifying HSST- and angiogenesis-modulating agents.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and materials related to modulating syndecan levels and angiogenesis in an animal. The invention provides syndecan polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding syndecan polypeptides. The invention also provides polynucleotides and polynucleotide analogues for modulating angiogenesis, as well as cells and embryos containing the polynucleotides and polynucleotide analogues. The invention further provides methods for identifying syndecan- and angiogenesis-modulating agents.

Abstract: The application is related to the field of nucleic acids with identified utility, and more particularly, to genes, related nucleic acids, their complements, polypeptides, and methods of using the same for blood vessel, cartilage, and bone formation, as well as inhibition thereof. The application describes discoveries made using the zebrafish embryo technique, as well as other techniques that are described herein. The discoveries include genes, related nucleic acids, and their complements, as well as sequences, polypeptides, other molecules, and methods for using them, e.g., TDE1, PTV, MOESIN, and HKE4. Also described are polypeptide products, inhibition of expression, administration of materials and products, screening procedures, and techniques for making drugs. Moreover, uses of these discoveries in appropriate contexts are set forth.

Abstract: The invention provides sequence specific polynucleotide analogues and methods for determining the function of a nucleic acid of known sequence.