Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that provide smart alerts to users, e.g., alerts to users about diabetic states that are only provided when it makes sense to do so, e.g., when the system can predict or estimate that the user is not already cognitively aware of their current condition, e.g., particularly where the current condition is a diabetic state warranting attention. In this way, the alert or alarm is personalized and made particularly effective for that user. Such systems and methods still alert the user when action is necessary, e.g., a bolus or temporary basal rate change, or provide a response to a missed bolus or a need for correction, but do not alert when action is unnecessary, e.g., if the user is already estimated or predicted to be cognitively aware of the diabetic state warranting attention, or if corrective action was already taken.

Abstract: A method and system for efficiently authenticating digital certificates issued by an organization's authentication hierarchy. The system includes a verification server that manages a certificate repository and a verification cache having entries for verified digital certificates and certification revocation lists. Each cache entry includes a corresponding timestamp that indicates when the item was last authenticated. The verification server incrementally updates the verification cache using a recursive procedure to traverse the hierarchy's chain of authority signatures. The procedure performs costly verifications of digital signatures and scans of certification revocation lists only when an item's timestamp is out of date with respect to its issuer's digital certificate, certification revocation list or other security information.