Abstract: Methods for the recycling of carpet are disclosed that produce clean face fiber suitable for industrial use. The methods allow the recovery of face fiber material, for example a polyester or a polyamide, from carpets that includes a face fiber material and a backing material, and include the steps of heating the carpet to a temperature lower than the melting point of the face fiber material, but higher than the initial thermal decomposition temperature of the backing material, for a time and at a temperature sufficient to thermally decompose, pyrolyze, or oxidize at least a portion of the backing material, rendering the backing material friable, that is more friable than the untreated backing; and applying mechanical force to the carpet so as to liberate the friable backing material from the face fiber material.

Abstract: Methods for the recycling of carpet are disclosed that produce clean face fiber suitable for industrial use. The methods allow the recovery of face fiber material, for example a polyester or a polyamide, from carpets that includes a face fiber material and a backing material, and include the steps of heating the carpet to a temperature lower than the melting point of the face fiber material, but higher than the initial thermal decomposition temperature of the backing material, for a time and at a temperature sufficient to thermally decompose, pyrolyze, or oxidize at least a portion of the backing material, rendering the backing material friable, that is more friable than the untreated backing; and applying mechanical force to the carpet so as to liberate the friable backing material from the face fiber material.

Abstract: Methods for the recycling of carpet are disclosed that produce clean face fiber suitable for industrial use. The methods allow the recovery of face fiber material, for example a polyester or a polyamide, from carpets that includes a face fiber material and a backing material, and include the steps of heating the carpet to a temperature lower than the melting point of the face fiber material, but higher than the initial thermal decomposition temperature of the backing material, for a time and at a temperature sufficient to thermally decompose, pyrolyze, or oxidize at least a portion of the backing material, rendering the backing material friable, that is more friable than the untreated backing; and applying mechanical force to the carpet so as to liberate the friable backing material from the face fiber material.

Abstract: Methods for the recycling of carpet are disclosed that produce clean face fiber suitable for industrial use. The methods allow the recovery of face fiber material, for example a polyester or a polyamide, from carpets that includes a face fiber material and a backing material, and include the steps of heating the carpet to a temperature lower than the melting point of the face fiber material, but higher than the initial thermal decomposition temperature of the backing material, for a time and at a temperature sufficient to thermally decompose, pyrolyze, or oxidize at least a portion of the backing material, rendering the backing material friable, that is more friable than the untreated backing; and applying mechanical force to the carpet so as to liberate the friable backing material from the face fiber material.

Abstract: Methods for the recycling of carpet are disclosed that produce clean face fiber suitable for industrial use. The methods allow the recovery of face fiber material, for example a polyester or a polyamide, from carpets that includes a face fiber material and a backing material, and include the steps of heating the carpet to a temperature lower than the melting point of the face fiber material, but higher than the initial thermal decomposition temperature of the backing material, for a time and at a temperature sufficient to thermally decompose, pyrolyze, or oxidize at least a portion of the backing material, rendering the backing material friable, that is more friable than the untreated backing; and applying mechanical force to the carpet so as to liberate the friable backing material from the face fiber material.

Abstract: A process for separating zinc from a feedstock containing a mixture of metals and metal compounds. The process includes leaching a zinc-containing feedstock with a concentrated basic solution, optionally diluting the slurry with an amount of water sufficient to reduce the viscosity of the slurry thereby facilitating separation of a pregnant liquor containing dissolved zinc from insoluble materials, separating the insoluble materials from the pregnant liquor, and precipitating zinc oxide from the pregnant liquor by adding an anti-solvent to the pregnant liquor. The described process also provides for recycling of the basic solution and the anti-solvent.

Abstract: Methods for the recycling of carpet are disclosed that produce clean face fiber suitable for industrial use. The methods allow the recovery of face fiber material, for example a polyester or a polyamide, from carpets that includes a face fiber material and a backing material, and include the steps of heating the carpet to a temperature lower than the melting point of the face fiber material, but higher than the initial thermal decomposition temperature of the backing material, for a time and at a temperature sufficient to thermally decompose, pyrolyze, or oxidize at least a portion of the backing material, rendering the backing material friable, that is more friable than the untreated backing; and applying mechanical force to the carpet so as to liberate the friable backing material from the face fiber material.

Abstract: A process for separating zinc from a feedstock containing a mixture of metals and metal compounds. The process includes leaching a zinc-containing feedstock with a concentrated basic solution, optionally diluting the slurry with an amount of water sufficient to reduce the viscosity of the slurry thereby facilitating separation of a pregnant liquor containing dissolved zinc from insoluble materials, separating the insoluble materials from the pregnant liquor, and precipitating zinc oxide from the pregnant liquor by adding an anti-solvent to the pregnant liquor. The described process also provides for recycling of the basic solution and the anti-solvent.

Abstract: A process is described for the separation of fluorinated plastic particles from a mixture of solid particles of similar specific gravity. The process comprises mixing the particles with water, adding air to create bubbles, and generating two or more product streams, one of which floats and the other which sinks. The floating stream is enriched in fluoropolymer particles. Per pass yield and selectivity of fluorinated plastics are enhanced by the addition of a carboxylic acid to the froth flotation medium.

Abstract: A process for the separation of a multiple domain solid feedstock such as that derived from ASR, WSR, and/or ESR is disclosed which comprises granulating the feedstock to produce particles each of substantially a single domain, with each type of particle having a different density. The particles are introduced into a suitable aqueous salt solution. Aqueous salt solutions containing cations comprising sodium, calcium and ammonium, and anions comprising nitrate, bromide, and chloride are useful. A dispersion mixer having a high shear and/or turbulent zone is utilized to disperse agglomerated particles and a quiescent hydrogravity tank is utilized to effect binary separation of the mixture of particles into a stream with a higher average specific gravity, and a stream with a lower average specific gravity. A higher degree of product purity can be obtained by subjecting either of the product streams from the first hydrogravity stage to additional stages of hydrogravity separation.

Abstract: Hydrogravity separation of a multiple domain solid feedstock is disclosed which comprises granulating the feedstock to produce particles each of substantially a single domain, with each type of particle having a different density. The particles are slurried into a suitable fluid. A dispersion mixer having a high shear and/or turbulent zone is utilized to disperse agglomerated particles and a quiescent hydrogravity tank is utilized to effect binary separation of the mixture of particles into a stream with a higher average specific gravity, and a stream with a lower average specific gravity. A high degree of product purity is obtained by feeding one or both of the initial product streams to a collection of dispersion mixer/hydrogravity tank units using a fluid of substantially the same specific gravity.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for creating an asphalt emulsion for use in manufacturing synthetic fuel and a novel process for introducing an asphalt emulsion into a synthetic fuel process.

Abstract: A process for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons. The process involves heating gas oil while under pressure, and maintaining the gas oil at temperature and pressure to break the substantially aliphatic chains from the gas oil core structure of two or more aromatic rings, as well as to break the aliphatic chains to smaller molecules. The process yields products which include lighter aliphatic material, as well as aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separating extractable organic material from a composition comprising organic material intermixed with solids and water. The composition is contacted with a solvent and a dehydrating agent. The dehydrating agent removes water, improves the solvent extraction, and aids in later separation of the solids from the solvent. The process additionally provides a means for removing cyanide compounds from the composition and fixating the metals against leaching.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous material to a product having a lower boiling point than the initial boiling point of said hydrocarbonaceous material and/or a higher boiling point than the final boiling point of said hydrocarbonaceous material, the process comprising heating a feed composition comprising said hydrocarbonaceous material in an enclosed space in the absence of externally supplied water or hydrogen at a temperature in the range of about 750.degree. F. to about 1300.degree. F. and a pressure sufficient to maintain the specific gravity of the contents of said enclosed space in the range of about 0.05 to about 1.5 for an effective period of time to yield said product, said feed composition being characterized by the absence of aromatic compounds with boiling points at atmospheric pressure below about 350.degree. F.

Abstract: A process for making a light hydrocarbonaceous liquid in a delayed coker comprising:(A) providing a hydrocarbonaceous feed to the coke drum and heating the feed to a temperature of about 800.degree. F. to about 1200.degree. F. to provide an intermediate product; and(B) introducing said intermediate product into the coke drum, operating the coke drum to convert the intermediate product to a final comprising light liquid and coke, and separating the light liquid from the coke;step (A) being conducted in combination with either step (A) (i) or step (A) (ii);Step (A) (i) comprising maintaining the feed during step (A) in an enclosed space and subjecting the feed to a pressure that is at least about 500 psig and is sufficient to maintain the specific gravity of the contents of the enclosed space at least about 0.

Abstract: This invention provides for a process for separating extractable organic material from a feed composition comprising an oil-in-water emulsion comprising a continuous aqueous phase, a discontinuous organic liquid phase comprising said extractable organic material, and solids dispersed in said emulsion, the process comprising the steps of:(I) mixing said feed composition with sufficient shear to convert said feed composition to a water-in-oil emulsion; and(II) contacting said water-in-oil emulsion with at least one organic solvent, said organic solvent being capable of forming with said emulsion a system comprising at least two phases and being capable of dissolving at least about ten parts of said extractable organic material per million parts of said organic solvent at the temperature wherein at least about 50% by weight of said solvent boils at atmospheric pressure; forming a system comprising at least two phases, one of said phases being an emulsion phase comprising said emulsion and the other of said phase

Abstract: A technique for measuring the coefficient of thermal expansion of calcined petroleum coke. This technique involves pressing a pellet of calcined coke to determine the coefficient of thermal expansion. It has the advantage of eliminating the graphitization and machining steps resulting in reduced manpower and turnaround time and requires less sample which allows CTE determination of laboratory scale cokers. Results show good correlation between this technique and traditional extrusion techniques.

Abstract: A process for upgrading heavy hydrocarbons in an emulsion through dense phase processing. The process involves subjecting a feed of oil in an immiscible solvent emulsion to supercritical conditions to facilitate separation of the heavy hydrocarbons into light hydrocarbons with greater value and more uses.

Abstract: This invention provides for a process for separating extractable organic material from a feed composition comprising said extractable organic material intermixed with solids and water, the process comprising:(A) contacting said feed composition with a solvent mixture in an enclosed space, said solvent mixture comprising at least one first organic solvent and at least one second organic solvent, said first organic solvent being capable of dissolving at least about ten parts of said extractable organic material per million parts of said first organic solvent at the temperature wherein at least about 50% by weight of said first organic solvent boils at atmospheric pressure, said second organic solvent being different than and more volatile than said first organic solvent and being capable of dissolving at least about ten parts of said first organic solvent per million parts of said second organic solvent at the temperature wherein at least about 50% by weight of said second organic solvent boils at atmospheric p