Abstract: Methods improve cognitive functioning, for example, at least one of episodic memory, executive function, or language skills; supporting memory and/or recall; providing energy and/or ketones to the brain; and/or preventing and/or treating mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in an individual. A composition comprising medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) can be administered to the individual in a daily dosage providing from about 15 g to about 45 g MCTs. The MCTs can include from about 51 wt % to about 90 wt % of octanoic acid. The daily dose can be provided in at least two servings, for example, 2 or 3 servings. Each serving can provide about 15 g MCTs and can include octanoic acid and decanoic acid in a weight ratio of, for example, about 60:about 40. The individual can be 65 years or older and/or have mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Abstract: A composition effective for treating or preventing a condition for which extended exposure to ketones is beneficial contains medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) and also contains proteins in a weight ratio of at least 0.1 g protein/1.0 g of the compound. Other aspects are directed to a method of extending blood exposure to ketones derived from oral absorption of a food product by an individual; a method of improving or maintaining at least one of neurologic health, cognitive function, or exercise performance; and a method of making the composition.