Abstract: Adaptive on board estimation of exogenous pharmacon responsive to transient (i.e., impermanent) physiological effects is provided. Dynamically estimating an equivalent amount of an exogenous pharmacon on board (XOB), such as insulin and/or carbohydrates, left in the subject, is based on predictions of glucose time-series data. These estimated values, such as insulin on board (IOB), are useful for diabetes management software, including decision support and/or artificial pancreas (AP) algorithms, for example.

Abstract: A structure, method, and computer program product for a diabetes control system provides, but is not limited thereto, the following: open-loop or closed-loop control of diabetes that adapts to individual physiologic characteristics and to the behavioral profile of each person. An exemplary aspect to this adaptation is biosystem (patient or subject) observation and modular control. Consequently, established is the fundamental architecture and the principal components for a modular system, which may include algorithmic observers of patients' behavior and metabolic state, as well as interacting control modules responsible for basal rate, insulin boluses, and hypoglycemia prevention.

Abstract: An amount of glycemic dysfunction associated with mis-timing (e.g., delay) of meal boluses based on replay analysis is determined. The amount of dysfunction of historical or estimated bolusing as compared to an optimally timed bolus based on the replay analysis is quantified and visualized. Inferences may be made about diabetes meal management regarding inputs from a patient.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for identifying therapeutic zones where there is glycemic dysfunction of a specific type that can be addressed by making strategic changes to behavior and/or therapy parameters. Systems and methods described herein evaluate large historical data sets to: identify a therapeutic zone or zones with glycemic dysfunction that are most readily addressable; quantify the glycemic impact of a plurality of different therapeutic adjustments in terms of either adjustments to historical doses or the parameters of a prospective dosing strategy to determine the highest possible improvement; and/or identify patient dosing strategies to provide therapy recommendations adapted for the patient's preferred behavioral dosing strategy.

Abstract: A continuous glucose monitor (CGM)-driven basal insulin titration system and method for patients with Type 2 Diabetes can be adapted to the needs and concerns of subjects just starting on basal insulin therapy. The method uses as inputs historical CGM data, basal insulin dose information, reports of hypoglycemia, and past recommendations and generates an adjusted insulin dose along with a report advising whether to continue the titration process, or to stop. The method can generate a new recommendation on a regular basis (e.g., each day) until it determines an adequate, consistent dose size.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for managing hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia by reconciling incoming data to provide safe and reliable control to range using automatic bolus determination wherein the rate of insulin delivery is dependent on the level of hyperglycemic risk or hypoglycemic risk. Additionally, some implementations are directed to converting insulin delivery into a rate based on glycemic risk.

Abstract: An aspect of an embodiment or partial embodiment of the present invention (or combinations of various embodiments in whole or in part of the present invention) comprises, but not limited thereto, a method and system (and related computer program product) for continually assessing the risk of hypoglycemia for a patient and then determining what action to take based on that risk assessment. A further embodiment results in two outputs: (1) an attenuation factor to be applied to the insulin rate command sent to the pump (either via conventional therapy or via open or closed loop control) and/or (2) a red/yellow/green light hypoglycemia alarm providing to the patient an indication of the risk of hypoglycemia. The two outputs of the CPHS can be used in combination or individually.

Abstract: An aspect of an embodiment or partial embodiment of the present invention (or combinations of various embodiments in whole or in part of the present invention) comprises, but not limited thereto, a method and system (and related computer program product) for continually assessing the risk of hypoglycemia for a patient and then determining what action to take based on that risk assessment. A further embodiment results in two outputs: (1) an attenuation factor to be applied to the insulin rate command sent to the pump (either via conventional therapy or via open or closed loop control) and/or (2) a red/yellow/green light hypoglycemia alarm providing to the patient an indication of the risk of hypoglycemia. The two outputs of the CPHS can be used in combination or individually.

Abstract: A structure, method, and computer program product for a diabetes control system provides, but is not limited thereto, the following: open-loop or closed-loop control of diabetes that adapts to individual physiologic characteristics and to the behavioral profile of each person. An exemplary aspect to this adaptation is biosystem (patient or subject) observation and modular control. Consequently, established is the fundamental architecture and the principal components for a modular system, which may include algorithmic observers of patients' behavior and metabolic state, as well as interacting control modules responsible for basal rate, insulin boluses, and hypoglycemia prevention.

Abstract: An aspect of an embodiment or partial embodiment of the present invention (or combinations of various embodiments in whole or in part of the present invention) comprises, but not limited thereto, a method and system (and related computer program product) for continually assessing the risk of hypoglycemia for a patient and then determining what action to take based on that risk assessment. A further embodiment results in two outputs: (1) an attenuation factor to be applied to the insulin rate command sent to the pump (either via conventional therapy or via open or closed loop control) and/or (2) a red/yellow/green light hypoglycemia alarm providing to the patient an indication of the risk of hypoglycemia. The two outputs of the CPHS can be used in combination or individually.

Abstract: An amount of glycemic dysfunction associated with mis-timing (e.g., delay) of meal boluses based on replay analysis is determined. The amount of dysfunction of historical or estimated bolusing as compared to an optimally timed bolus based on the replay analysis is quantified and visualized. Inferences may be made about diabetes meal management regarding inputs from a patient.

Abstract: An aspect of an embodiment or partial embodiment of the present invention (or combinations of various embodiments in whole or in part of the present invention) comprises, but not limited thereto, a method and system (and related computer program product) for continually assessing the risk of hypoglycemia for a patient and then determining what action to take based on that risk assessment. A further embodiment results in two outputs: (1) an attenuation factor to be applied to the insulin rate command sent to the pump (either via conventional therapy or via open or closed loop control) and/or (2) a red/yellow/green light hypoglycemia alarm providing to the patient an indication of the risk of hypoglycemia. The two outputs of the CPHS can be used in combination or individually.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for managing hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia by reconciling incoming data to provide safe and reliable control to range using automatic bolus determination wherein the rate of insulin delivery is dependent on the level of hyperglycemic risk or hypoglycemic risk. Additionally, some implementations are directed to converting insulin delivery into a rate based on glycemic risk.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for managing hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia by reconciling incoming data to provide safe and reliable control to range using automatic bolus determination wherein the rate of insulin delivery is dependent on the level of hyperglycemic risk or hypoglycemic risk. Additionally, some implementations are directed to converting insulin delivery into a rate based on glycemic risk.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for managing hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia by reconciling incoming data to provide safe and reliable control to range using automatic bolus determination wherein the rate of insulin delivery is dependent on the level of hyperglycemic risk or hypoglycemic risk. Additionally, some implementations are directed to converting insulin delivery into a rate based on glycemic risk.

Abstract: A method and system use mathematical models and available patient information to virtualize a continuous glucose monitoring trace for a period of time. Such a method and system can generate the virtualized trace when episodic patient data is incomplete. Such a method and system can also rely on self-monitored blood glucose measurement information to improve the virtualized continuous glucose monitoring trace.

Abstract: An insulin monitoring system includes one or more processors, one or more computer-readable storage devices, and program instructions stored on at least one of the one or more storage devices for execution by at least one of the one or more processors. The program instructions include: first program instructions to track, in real time, the amount of insulin active in a patient; second program instructions to calculate the amount of insulin need of the patient by tracking the patient's metabolic states; third program instructions to compare the insulin active in the patient with the insulin need of the patient; and fourth program instructions to determine an insulin fault level based on the comparison.

Abstract: An insulin monitoring system includes one or more processors, one or more computer-readable storage devices, and program instructions stored on at least one of the one or more storage devices for execution by at least one of the one or more processors. The program instructions include: first program instructions to track, in real time, the amount of insulin active in a patient; second program instructions to calculate the amount of insulin need of the patient by tracking the patient's metabolic states; third program instructions to compare the insulin active in the patient with the insulin need of the patient; and fourth program instructions to determine an insulin fault level based on the comparison.

Abstract: A method and system use mathematical models and available patient information to virtualize a continuous glucose monitoring trace for a period of time. Such a method and system can generate the virtualized trace when episodic patient data is incomplete. Such a method and system can also rely on self-monitored blood glucose measurement information to improve the virtualized continuous glucose monitoring trace.

Abstract: Equivalent insulin pump retrospective virtual basal rates for daily injections are constructed from planned insulin injections according to a virtual basal rate profile developed for a patient, and a database of historical insulin injections, i.e. basal injections actually administered by the patient, providing a unified framework for analysis, design, optimization, and adaptation of MDI (multiple daily injections) and CSII (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (i.e. insulin pump)) treatment parameters for patients with diabetes.