Abstract: Method of operating an engine and electricity generator powered by torque from the engine is provided. The engine has a working-line which is a locus of engine operating points as the engine is throttled. The method includes increasing electrical-load on the generator.

Abstract: Method of operating an engine and electricity generator powered by torque from the engine is provided. The engine has a working-line which is a locus of engine operating points as the engine is throttled. The method includes increasing electrical-load on the generator.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the quantity of a substance in a solution. An exemplary embodiment of the method includes the step of introducing a first sample of the solution into a cavity in which a working electrode is located. A constant potential is applied between the working electrode and a reference electrode in electrical contact with the first sample until such time as the current through the working electrode has decayed to a minimum. The applied constant potential is maintained as the first sample of the solution is replaced by a second sample of the solution in a manner such that the cavity remains filled with solution during the replacement procedure. The applied constant potential is maintained until such time as the current through the working electrode has again decayed to a minimum, and the total amount of the charge passing through the working electrode subsequent to the introduction of the second sample into the cavity is determined.