Abstract: Antibodies comprising unpaired variable domains, e.g., heavy chain variable (VH) domains, for binding antigen. Antibody comprising two immunoglobulin (Ig) chains, wherein a first Ig chain comprises a variable domain and a constant domain, and a second Ig chain comprises a constant domain, wherein the second Ig chain lacks a variable domain, leaving the variable domain of the first Ig chain unpaired. The antibody may comprise two Ig heavy chains and two Ig light chains, each heavy chain comprising a VH domain and a constant region comprising a CH1 domain, and each light chain comprising a CL domain, wherein one or both light chains lack a VL domain, thereby leaving one or both VH domains unpaired. Non-human animals (e.g., mice) engineered to produce antibodies having unpaired VH domains, involving deletion of sequence coding for light chain variable (VL) domains. Use of unpaired VH domains to generate antigen-binding molecules.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for creating a catalog for use with at least one computer system that manages a plurality of email messages. The catalog provides an index into the plurality of email messages, and comprises a plurality of display identifiers that each identifies an entity. The catalog correlates at least some of the plurality of display identifiers to corresponding email addresses. The method comprises creating the catalog to include a user interface that enables the display identifiers to be displayed to a user and that enables the catalog to be searched based upon at least some information other than the display identifiers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for creating a catalog for use with at least one computer system that manages a plurality of email messages. The catalog provides an index into the plurality of email messages, and comprises a plurality of identifiers that each identifies an entity. The catalog also correlates at least some of the plurality of identifiers to corresponding email addresses. The method for creating a catalog comprises creating the catalog to include information defining a temporal interval during which at least one email address corresponds to a first entity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in a computer system comprising an email system that generates and receives email messages. The email system manages a first plurality of email messages comprising at least some of the email messages generated and received by the email system. The email system also has a global address catalog that comprises information and provides an index into the first plurality of email messages. The computer system further comprises an extension system that interfaces with the email system and manages a second plurality of email messages comprising at least some of the email messages generated and received by the email system. The method comprises creating an extender catalog, for indexing into the second plurality of email messages, that comprises at least some information that is different than the information in the global address catalog.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in a computer system comprising an email system that generates and receives email messages. The email system manages a first plurality of email messages comprising at least some of the email messages generated and received by the email system. The email system also has a global address catalog that comprises information and provides an index into the first plurality of email messages. The computer system further comprises an extension system that interfaces with the email system and manages a second plurality of email messages comprising at least some of the email messages generated and received by the email system. The method comprises creating an extender catalog, for indexing into the second plurality of email messages, that comprises at least some information that is different than the information in the global address catalog.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for creating a catalog for use with at least one computer system that manages a plurality of email messages. The catalog provides an index into the plurality of email messages, and comprises a plurality of identifiers that each identifies an entity. The catalog also correlates at least some of the plurality of identifiers to corresponding email addresses. The method for creating a catalog comprises creating the catalog to include information defining a temporal interval during which at least one email address corresponds to a first entity.