Abstract: Energy storage cells are typically tested with the same charge and discharge currents, and deployments of such cells are limited to these currents for safety. Herein, cyclical testing methodology determines maximum safe charge and discharge currents, which are unequal. This allows for charge-intensive deployments, which make full use of the fast charging capabilities of the cells while using less demanding discharge rates. It also allows for discharge-intensive deployments, which make full use of the fast discharging capabilities of the cells while using less demanding charge rates. A profile manager controls the deployed cells under continuous use, high duty cycling or intermittent high power demands, and may transition cells between charge-intensive, discharge-intensive and symmetric operation.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for backfeed detection in, and control of, an uninterruptible power system is disclosed. An adaptive controller in an uninterruptible power system enables delivery of power from a second, backup, power source, to loads connected to an output of the system, when a first, primary, input source is detected to be in a fault condition. Subsequent to enabling the second power source, and within a time interval that is less than one AC period following the detection of the input fault, the controller may sense and measure a backfeed of energy from the second source to the first source and may adapt a subsequent fault response based upon the measurement of the backfeed. Adapting the subsequent response may comprise adapting a response to a fault at the output. The subsequent response may comprise disabling or enabling delivery of energy from the second source.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for backfeed detection in, and control of, an uninterruptible power system is disclosed. An adaptive controller in an uninterruptible power system enables delivery of power from a second, backup, power source, to loads connected to an output of the system, when a first, primary, input source is detected to be in a fault condition. Subsequent to enabling the second power source, and within a time interval that is less than one AC period following the detection of the input fault, the controller may sense and measure a backfeed of energy from the second source to the first source and may adapt a subsequent fault response based upon the measurement of the backfeed. Adapting the subsequent response may comprise adapting a response to a fault at the output. The subsequent response may comprise disabling or enabling delivery of energy from the second source.