Abstract: Disclosed herein is a water-based dispersion, which includes metal oxide nanoparticles and a zwitterionic stabilizer. More specifically, the dispersion comprises a metal oxide nanoparticle having the formula (1) MmM?On, wherein M is an alkali metal, m is greater than 0 and less than 1, M? is any metal, and n is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 4; a zwitterionic stabilizer; and a balance of water. Also disclosed herein is a jettable composition, which includes metal oxide nanoparticles having the formula (1) MmM?On wherein M is an alkali metal, m is greater than 0 and less than 1, M? is any metal, and n is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 4; a zwitterionic stabilizer; a surfactant; and a balance of water.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes multi-fluid kits for three-dimensional printing, three-dimensional printing kits, and methods of making three-dimensional printed articles. In one example, a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing can include a fusing agent and a second fluid agent. The fusing agent can include water, a polar organic solvent having a boiling point from about 200° C. to about 320° C., and a radiation absorber. The radiation absorber can absorb radiation energy and convert the radiation energy to heat. The fusing agent or the second fluid agent can include a dihydrazide antioxidant.

Abstract: This disclosure describes three-dimensional printing kits, methods, and systems for three-dimensional printing with triethylene glycol fusing agents. In one example, a three-dimensional printing kit can include a powder bed material including polymer particles and a fusing agent to selectively apply to the powder bed material. The fusing agent can include water, a radiation absorber, and triethylene glycol in an amount from about 20 wt % to about 35 wt %. The radiation absorber can absorb radiation energy and convert the radiation energy to heat to fuse the powder bed material.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes multi-fluid kits for three-dimensional printing, materials kits for three-dimensional printing, and methods of making three-dimensional printed articles. In one example, a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing can include a fusing agent and a pore-promoting agent. The fusing agent can include water and a radiation absorber. The radiation absorber can absorb radiation energy and convert the radiation energy to heat. The pore-promoting agent can include water and a water-soluble pore-promoting compound. The pore-promoting compound can chemically react at an elevated temperature to generate a gas.

Abstract: In an example, a virtual build volume comprising a representation of at least a part of an object to be generated in additive manufacturing is segmented into a plurality of nested segments comprising a core segment, an inner peripheral segment and an outer peripheral segment. Additive manufacturing control instructions may be generated for the nested segments. The control instructions for the core segment may provide a first region of the object corresponding to the core segment and having a first color. The control instructions for the outer peripheral segment may provide a second color for a second region of the object corresponding to the outer peripheral segment. The control instructions for the inner peripheral segment may provide a third color for a third region of the object corresponding to the inner peripheral segment, wherein a color of the third region is determined so as to at least partially visually mask the first region.

Abstract: In a three-dimensional printing method example, a polymeric or polymeric composite build material is applied. A fusing agent is applied on at least a portion of the build material. The fusing agent includes an aqueous or non-aqueous vehicle and an inorganic pigment dispersed in the aqueous or non-aqueous vehicle, wherein the inorganic pigment is selected from the group consisting of lanthanum hexaboride, tungsten bronzes, indium tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, ruthenium oxide, silver, gold, platinum, iron pyroxenes, modified iron phosphates (AxFeyPO4), modified copper pyrophosphates (AxCuyP2O7), and combinations thereof. The build material is exposed to electromagnetic radiation, thereby fusing the portion of the build material in contact with the fusing agent to form a layer.

Abstract: Examples of a cosmetic agent are for three-dimensional (3D) printing. In an example, the cosmetic agent includes a dye, an oxidizing agent, and a solvent. The oxidizing agent is to react with an antioxidant in a build material to reduce reduction of the dye in the presence of the antioxidant.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions for three-dimensional printing. In an example, disclosed herein is a composition for three-dimensional printing comprising: (A) a powder build material; (B) a first fusing agent; (C) a second fusing agent different from the first fusing agent; (D) a detailing agent; (E) a cyan ink composition; (F) a yellow ink composition; (G) a magenta ink composition; and (H) a black ink composition.

Abstract: An example inkjet primer fluid includes an alkoxysilane, a surfactant, a co-solvent, and a balance of water; and is at least substantially colorless. In an example method, a primer fluid, including an alkoxysilane, a surfactant, a co-solvent, and a balance of water, is thermal inkjet printed from a thermal inkjet printhead to form a silicon dioxide film on a resistor. Then, a jettable composition, including suspended nanoparticles, is thermal inkjet printed from the thermal inkjet printhead. In another example method, suspended nanoparticles, an alkoxysilane, and a growth mediator are combined to form a mixture. The mixture is heated to a temperature ranging from about 60° C. to about 80° C. and stirred for about 12 hours to about 36 hours to form silicon dioxide coated, suspended nanoparticles. Then, a surfactant, a zwitterionic stabilizer, a co-solvent, and a balance of water are added to the mixture to form a stabilized, jettable composition.

Abstract: In a three-dimensional printing method example, a polymeric or polymeric composite build material is applied. A fusing agent is applied on at least a portion of the build material. The fusing agent includes an aqueous or non-aqueous vehicle and a plasmonic resonance absorber having absorption at wavelengths ranging from 800 nm to 4000 nm and having transparency at wavelengths ranging from 400 nm to 780 nm dispersed in the aqueous or non-aqueous vehicle. The build material is exposed to electromagnetic radiation, thereby fusing the portion of the build material in contact with the fusing agent to form a layer.

Abstract: An example of a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional (3D) printing includes an elasticity agent to be applied to at least a portion of a build material composition during 3D printing and a fusing agent to be applied to the at least the portion of the build material composition during 3D printing. The elasticity agent includes a plasticizer having: a formula (I): wherein n is an integer ranging from 3 to 8; or a formula (II): wherein m is an integer ranging from 3 to 8. The fusing agent includes an energy absorber.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to material sets and 3-dimensional printing systems that include a fusing agent. One example of a material set can include a fusing agent and a detailing agent. The fusing agent can include water, a carbon black pigment, and a water-soluble co-solvent in an amount from 20 wt % to 60 wt %. The detailing agent can include water and a black dye. In another example, a material set can include a fusing agent and a thermoplastic polymer powder.

Abstract: In an example of a build material composition for three-dimensional (3D) printing, the build material composition includes a polyamide and a plasticizer. The plasticizer has formula (I): wherein n is an integer ranging from 3 to 8; or formula (II): wherein m is an integer ranging from 3 to 8.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to material sets and 3-dimensional printing systems that include a fusing agent. One example of a material set can include a fusing agent and a detailing agent. The fusing agent can include water, a carbon black pigment, and a water-soluble co-solvent in an amount from 20 wt % to 60 wt %. The detailing agent can include water and a black dye. In another example, a material set can include a fusing agent and a thermoplastic polymer powder.

Abstract: A nanoparticle used in 3D printing is disclosed herein. In an example, the nanoparticle can comprise: at least one metal oxide, which absorbs infrared light in a range of from about 780 nm to about 2300 nm and is shown in formula (1): MmM?On??(1) wherein M is an alkali metal, m is greater than 0 and less than 1, M? is any metal, and n is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 4; and a bilayer-forming surfactant encapsulating at least a portion of the metal oxide, wherein the nanoparticle has a diameter of from about 0.1 nm to about 500 nm.

Abstract: An example inkjet primer fluid includes an alkoxysilane, a surfactant, a co-solvent, and a balance of water; and is at least substantially colorless. In an example method, a primer fluid, including an alkoxysilane, a surfactant, a co-solvent, and a balance of water, is thermal inkjet printed from a thermal inkjet printhead to form a silicon dioxide film on a resistor. Then, a jettable composition, including suspended nanoparticles, is thermal inkjet printed from the thermal inkjet printhead. In another example method, suspended nanoparticles, an alkoxysilane, and a growth mediator are combined to form a mixture. The mixture is heated to a temperature ranging from about 60° C. to about 80° C. and stirred for about 12 hours to about 36 hours to form silicon dioxide coated, suspended nanoparticles. Then, a surfactant, a zwitterionic stabilizer, a co-solvent, and a balance of water are added to the mixture to form a stabilized, jettable composition.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a water-based dispersion, which includes metal oxide nanoparticles and a zwitterionic stabilizer. More specifically, the dispersion comprises a metal oxide nanoparticle having the formula (1) MmM?On, wherein M is an alkali metal, m is greater than 0 and less than 1, M? is any metal, and n is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 4; a zwitterionic stabilizer; and a balance of water. Also disclosed herein is a jettable composition, which includes metal oxide nanoparticles having the formula (1) MmM?On wherein M is an alkali metal, m is greater than 0 and less than 1, M? is any metal, and n is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 4; a zwitterionic stabilizer; a surfactant; and a balance of water.

Abstract: In an example, a virtual build volume comprising a representation of at least a part of an object to be generated in additive manufacturing is segmented into a plurality of nested segments comprising a core segment, an inner peripheral segment and an outer peripheral segment. Additive manufacturing control instructions may be generated for the nested segments. The control instructions for the core segment may provide a first region of the object corresponding to the core segment and having a first color. The control instructions for the outer peripheral segment may provide a second color for a second region of the object corresponding to the outer peripheral segment. The control instructions for the inner peripheral segment may provide a third color for a third region of the object corresponding to the inner peripheral segment, wherein a color of the third region is determined so as to at least partially visually mask the first region.

Abstract: A printing method includes selecting an inkjet ink including a dye, and selecting an active agent, including an electromagnetic radiation-absorbing active material, and an aqueous or non-aqueous vehicle. The method further includes inkjet printing the dye sublimation inkjet ink and the active agent directly onto a textile fabric. The textile fabric having the ink and active agent thereon is exposed to electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A printing method includes selecting an inkjet ink including a pigment, and selecting an active agent, including an electromagnetic radiation-absorbing active material, and an aqueous or non-aqueous vehicle. The method further includes inkjet printing the inkjet ink and the active agent directly onto a textile fabric. The textile fabric having the ink and active agent thereon is exposed to electromagnetic radiation.