Abstract: Methods and systems for providing controlling in a repeatable manner a plurality of anode-free or lithium metal cells in a power-supply system. The cells are connected in series in one or more high energy density hybrid modules connected in parallel. Each high energy density hybrid module includes a corresponding hybrid module controller (HMC) and has a corresponding bi-directional DC-DC-converter, and each cell of the plurality of cells is independently measurable by the HMC. The corresponding bi-directional DC-DC-converter is used to charge and discharge of the plurality of cells in a repeatable manner to be within a selected state of charge (SOC) range that corresponds to a defined cycle life and energy density requirement.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing controlling in a repeatable manner a plurality of anode-free or lithium metal cells in a power-supply system. The cells are connected in series in one or more high energy density hybrid modules connected in parallel. Each high energy density hybrid module includes a corresponding hybrid module controller (HMC) and has a corresponding bi-directional DC-DC-converter, and each cell of the plurality of cells is independently measurable by the HMC. The corresponding bi-directional DC-DC-converter is used to charge and discharge of the plurality of cells in a repeatable manner to be within a selected state of charge (SOC) range that corresponds to a defined cycle life and energy density requirement.