Abstract: Significantly higher yield and better resolution in pI gels are obtained by creating traps having two or more layers of gel containing closely stepped immobilized pH buffers. Proteins move from a pH at which they are negatively charged towards an anode at which they are positively charged. Discrete regions containing immobilized pH buffers trap the proteins when the immobilized buffer pH and the protein pI are approximately the same. The protein is trapped within the second layer and not on the surface of or interface of the second layer. Significantly higher yields with better resolution can be obtained through the use of layered sample application gels prior to isoelectric focusing. Layered plugs are prepared with a range of immobilized pH buffers ranging, for example, over 2 pH units, with steps of 0.05 or 0.1 pH units. An array of multilayered plugs wherein each plug has different pH increments is also provided.

Abstract: A system including apparatus and method of use that insures uniform contact and transfer of analytes from a first dimensional electrophoretic analytical gel to a second dimension, such as an electrophoretic analytical gel, has been developed. The device provides a means for transfer of analytes from a first dimension isoelectric focusing gel to a second dimension electrophoretic analytical gel. In a preferred embodiment, the device facilitates the transfer of protein analytes from a digital proteome chip to a second dimension electrophoretic analytical gel. The second dimension electrophoretic analytical gel can be for use with any technique known in the art, such as, but not limited to SDS-PAGE molecular weight analysis, secondary isoelectric focusing, and capillary electrophoresis.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring tire pressurization state in a tire has a magneto-mechanical pressure sensor in or on the tire and an electromagnetic excitation system. The electromagnetic excitation system is for interrogating the magneto-mechanical pressure sensor. The apparatus also has a receiver. The receiver is for receiving information from the electromagnetic excitation system. The apparatus also has a data interpretation system for translating the received information into the tire pressurization state. The data interpretation system is connected to a display. The display communicates the tire pressurization state to an operator.