Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to removing metals from liquid-phase pyrolysis oil, such as at or near room temperatures. Specifically, some embodiments of the disclosure relate to a method and a system for removing metals from pyrolysis oil using acidic ion-exchange resins. One embodiment relates to a method for removing metals from pyrolysis oil comprising combining pyrolysis oil and an organic solvent to form a pyrolysis oil mixture and removing metal from the pyrolysis oil mixture to produce a reduced metal content pyrolysis oil mixture. In some embodiments, the removing of the metal uses a strongly acid ion-exchange resin.

Abstract: Trace amount levels of heavy metals such as mercury in crude oil are reduced by contacting the crude oil with a sufficient amount of a reducing agent to convert at least a portion of the non-volatile mercury into a volatile form of mercury, which can be subsequently removed by any of stripping, scrubbing, adsorption, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, at least 50% of the mercury is removed. In another embodiment, the removal rate is at least 99%. In one embodiment, the reducing agent is selected from sulfur compounds containing at least one sulfur atom having an oxidation state less than +6; ferrous compounds; stannous compounds; oxalates; cuprous compounds; organic acids which decompose to form CO2 and/or H2 upon heating; hydroxylamine compounds; hydrazine compounds; sodium borohydride; diisobutylaluminium hydride; thiourea; transition metal halides; and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to preparing distillate fuel having almost no oxygen and no carbon-to-carbon double bonds. The method comprises passing biodiesel and/or lipids derived from vegetable oils, algae oils, and/or animal fats over bio-feedstock, or lipids, conversion catalyst that performs the hydrocarbon isomerization function, removes oxygen from the feedstock, cracks off the C3 backbone, and saturates double bonds. The process is a single step process eliminating the need of a separate costly hydrotreating step while producing a renewable source distillate fuel.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to preparing distillate fuel having almost no oxygen and no carbon-to-carbon double bonds. The method comprises passing biodiesel and/or lipids derived from vegetable oils, algae oils, and/or animal fats over a bio-feedstock, or lipids, conversion catalyst that performs the hydrocarbon isomerization function, removes oxygen from the feedstock, cracks off the C3 backbone, and saturates double bonds. The process is a single step process eliminating the need of a separate costly hydrotreating step while producing a renewable source distillate fuel.

Abstract: Trace amount levels of heavy metals such as mercury in crude oil are reduced by contacting the crude oil with a sufficient amount of a reducing agent to convert at least a portion of the non-volatile mercury into a volatile form of mercury, which can be subsequently removed by any of stripping, scrubbing, adsorption, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, at least 50% of the mercury is removed. In another embodiment, the removal rate is at least 99%. In one embodiment, the reducing agent is selected from sulfur compounds containing at least one sulfur atom having an oxidation state less than +6; ferrous compounds; stannous compounds; oxalates; cuprous compounds; organic acids which decompose to form CO2 and/or H2 upon heating; hydroxylamine compounds; hydrazine compounds; sodium borohydride; diisobutylaluminium hydride; thiourea; transition metal halides; and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A renewable fuel blend and a process for producing a renewable fuel blend are described. The blend includes biologically derived C13 to C18 normal paraffins, which are provided to the blend in quantities such that blend does not require a pour point reducing treatment to achieve a low pour point. In embodiments, the normal paraffins are produced in an upgrading process, such as a hydrotreating process.