Abstract: Fermentation method and apparatus comprising an outer container with a plastics bag hung from the neck of the container to define a chamber between the bag and the container. Means to pressurize the chamber with a temperature controlled medium to control fermentation of material within the bag. Additional pressurization of the chamber causing the fermented liquid to be expelled from the mouth of the bag.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for producing wine by full carbonic maceration in which whole uncrushed grapes are placed in a closable container to a depth that the grapes remain whole, the air within the container is expelled to produce a substantially anaerobic atmosphere in which the grapes undergo intra-cellular fermentation. The containers comprise sealable plastic bags that incorporate a one way valve to allow release but not entry of gases. The container preferably contains solid CO.sub.2 to expel air by vaporization of the solid CO.sub.2.