Abstract: A method for generating a Physical Layer Convergence Protocol Packet Data Unit (PPDU) having a preamble and a payload for television white space transmission (TVWS) is provided. The symbols of the PPDU each include 128 total (orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing) OFDM tones or 256 total OFDM tones. The preamble includes a signal (SIG) field symbol having 108 OFDM data tones if the symbols of the PPDU include 128 total OFDM tones or having 234 OFDM data tones if the symbols of the PPDU include 256 total OFDM tones. The SIG field symbol indicates at least one of an amount of data in the payload or a length of time that the PPDU will occupy the television broadcast frequency spectrum. The PPDU is generated by down-clocking an 802.11ac signal by a factor so that the bandwidth of the PPDU decreases down to one appropriate for use in a TVWS channel.

Abstract: Described is a method and system for establishing an authenticated wireless communication (e.g., using Bluetooth technology) between first and second mobile devices. The first device (e.g., a mobile barcode scanner) sends a signal to establish a wireless communication with the second device. The first device includes a data capturing arrangement (“DCA”) as an only input device interface with a user thereof. The second device initiates an authentication process by requesting the first device to obtain a PIN code from the user. Once the first device obtains the PIN code from the user via the DCA, a pairing process is performed to compare the PIN code to entries in a database of authorized PIN codes. When the pairing process has been successfully completed, a link key is generated to establish the authenticated wireless communication between the first and second devices.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices to communicate in a white space are described herein. In some aspects, wireless communication transmitted in the white space authorizes an initial transmission by a device. The wireless communication may include power information for determining a power at which to transmit the initial transmission. The initial transmission may be used to request information identifying one or more channels in the white space available for transmitting data.

Abstract: A decentralized approach to peer discovery channel selection is used in some embodiments. In some such embodiments, a mobile wireless terminal supporting a peer to peer signaling protocol, independently determines what channels to use for peer discovery without a central controller indicating the channel or channels to be used. Assuming channels are of a suitable quality, the channels having the best quality need not be identified, with channel selection being made on a predetermined channel ordering basis from those with suitable quality. Different wireless communications devices in the system use the same peer discovery channel selection process making it likely that the same channel or channels will tend to be picked to be used for peer discovery. Other embodiments are directed to implementing a centralized approach to peer discovery channel selection in which a central controller or base station selects channels to be used for peer discovery signaling.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques and apparatus for managing transmit power in a television white space (TVWS) network. By managing transmit power as described herein, medium re-use may be improved in such a network, and unfair usage problems may be alleviated. One example method generally includes receiving a request message comprising an indication of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for transmitting data frames to be received, determining a link margin based on the MCS, and transmitting a response message with an indication of the link margin. Another example method generally includes determining a MCS for transmitting data frames and transmitting a request message comprising an indication of the MCS.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques and apparatus for managing transmit power in a television white space (TVWS) network. By managing transmit power as described herein, medium re-use may be improved in such a network, and unfair usage problems may be alleviated. One example method generally includes receiving, from an apparatus, a message with an indication of a highest transmit power used by the apparatus for transmitting data frames; and determining that the apparatus is a dominant interferer based, at least in part, on the highest transmit power. Another example method generally includes receiving, from an apparatus, a control or management message with a first indication of a first transmit power used by the apparatus for transmitting data frames; and determining that the apparatus is a dominant interferer based, at least in part, on the first transmit power.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques and apparatus for verification signaling, for example, in wireless communications in a television white space (TVWS) network.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to techniques for supporting television white space (TVWS) communication. In an aspect of the present disclosure, a low-rate TVWS enabler (Mode II wireless communication device) may provide initial enablement for all Mode I devices (e.g., access points and user terminals), as well as it may transmit a contact verification signal (CVS) on a regular basis to keep the Mode I devices enabled for the TVWS communication.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to techniques for supporting television white space (TVWS) communication. In an aspect of the present disclosure, a low-rate TVWS enabler (Mode II wireless communication device) may provide initial enablement for all Mode I devices (e.g., access points and user terminals), as well as it may transmit a contact verification signal (CVS) on a regular basis to keep the Mode I devices enabled for the TVWS communication.

Abstract: A method of wireless communication in white space includes spectrum sensing in the white space during each of multiple sensing intervals. The method also includes determining whether each of the sensing intervals is subject to interference. The determining process may be based on a time domain analysis or a frequency domain analysis of signal power during each sensing interval.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques and apparatus for operating in a television white space (TVWS) network. One example method generally includes receiving, at an apparatus, a message with a field indicating a current version of an unused frequency spectrum map (e.g., a white space map (WSM)), the unused frequency spectrum map indicating channels usable for wireless communications; determining whether the current version of the unused frequency spectrum map is different than a previous version of the unused frequency spectrum map; and using a channel for wireless communications based on the determination. Another example method generally includes accessing a database of available channels for a current location of an apparatus via a neighboring portable or fixed enabling apparatus and enabling one or more portable dependent apparatuses for the wireless communications via one or more of the available channels.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to a technique for generating 40+40 MHz and 40+40+40+40 MHz transmission modes for IEEE 802.11 wireless communications systems using Very High Throughput (VHT) waveforms with application to Television White Space (TVWS) spectrum.

Abstract: Multichannel dynamic frequency selection in wireless networks begins with an access point for a wireless network broadcasting a list of unused channels that are available for communication within the area served by the access point. The various access terminals within this service area receive the broadcast and measure various interference characteristics of each of the channels in the list. The access terminals then send this interference information to the access point, which compiles a matrix of interference information that is associated with the quality of each signal as related to each access terminal. Using this information, the access point selects the appropriate channels to serve the most number of access terminals at the highest possible channel qualities.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and/or devices are provided that permit data transmissions over unused television channels. An unused channel within a television broadcast frequency spectrum is first identified. A downclocked waveform (for data transmission) is then generated by applying a factor to a clock that causes a waveform bandwidth to be reduced from a first bandwidth to a second bandwidth, wherein the second bandwidth of the downclocked waveform is less than a channel bandwidth for the identified unused channel. The downclocked waveform may then be configured so that it coexists with a larger waveform having a third bandwidth that is greater than the channel bandwidth. The downclocked waveform is then wirelessly transmitted from the transmitter device over the identified unused channel.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and/or devices are provided that permit data transmissions over unused television channels. An unused channel within a television broadcast frequency spectrum is first identified. A downclocked waveform (for data transmission) is then generated by applying a factor to a clock that causes a waveform bandwidth to be reduced from a first bandwidth to a second bandwidth, wherein the second bandwidth of the downclocked waveform is less than a channel bandwidth for the identified unused channel. The downclocked waveform may then be configured so that it coexists with a larger waveform having a third bandwidth that is greater than the channel bandwidth. The downclocked waveform is then wirelessly transmitted from the transmitter device over the identified unused channel.

Abstract: A method for detecting the presence of a transmission signal in a wireless spectrum channel. The frequency of a signal is converted from a first frequency to a second frequency. The signal with the second frequency is filtered to remove signals that are not within the band of the second frequency. An averaged periodogram of the signal is calculated. A value of the averaged periodogram is compared to a threshold. The presence of the transmission signal is detected, if the value of the averaged periodogram exceeds the threshold.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for sensing the presence of a transmission signal type within a wireless channel in a wireless communication system, such as those including the use of wireless microphones, are described. Sensing the transmission signal type includes calculating a spectral density estimate of a signal on the wireless channel. A first test value, derived from the calculated spectral density estimate, is compared to a first threshold. A preliminary determination of the presence of the transmission signal type is made if the first test value exceeds the first threshold. Sensing the presence of the signal type after preliminary determination of the presence of the signal type is made by determining that an observed spectral density of a prescribed signal added to the signal on the wireless channel matches a model estimate of the spectral density of the prescribed signal to a sufficient degree.

Abstract: An apparatus for wireless communication includes a processing system. The processing system is configured to estimate a power spectral density of a first signal. In addition, the processing system is configured to determine a normalized correlation detector between the estimated power spectral density and a known power spectral density of a second signal. Furthermore, the processing system is configured to determine whether the first signal contains the second signal based on the normalized correlation detector.

Abstract: White space signals are differentiated from licensed ATSC signals through modification of a waveform of the white space signal. White space signals may be modified by shifting the ATSC-compatible waveform so that the pilot frequency of the white space signal is at a location outside of the frequency range associated with the pilot frequency in a licensed ATSC signal or embedding a watermark signal into said ATSC-like white space signals. White space device transmitters generate the signals with these modifications and white space receivers are equipped to detect whether a pilot exists in the standard licensed pilot frequencies. Based on these differences, white space devices can better operate without interfering with licensed ATSC transmission. Additionally, the modification techniques may be used to embed data in the white space signal that may be used to communicate connection data or networking data to other white space devices.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for spectrum sharing using listen before talk (LBT) and quiet periods are disclosed. This includes assessing using LBT to determine if a shared spectrum channel is being used by at least one other network, and transmitting transmission frames over the shared spectrum channel in at least one of an uplink or a downlink when the channel is determined as not being used. The accumulated time of transmission use of the spectrum channel is counted based on predetermined conditions, and a determination made when the accumulated time exceeds a maximum allotted time. Transmission of frames by a network is allowed to continue if the maximum time has not been exceeded and the spectrum remains available. A quiet period is then executed once the maximum time period is exceeded.