Abstract: An evaporation engine system for producing usable energy by application of alternate cycles of a cold liquid and available hot dry air. The system includes a vessel containing the cold liquid, a wheel partially submerged in the cold liquid, wherein the wheel is mounted on a first bearing on the crankshaft located at the axis of the wheel.

Abstract: Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses non-orthogonal quantum states to distribute random information, suitable for use as a key for encryption and authentication, between two users who share secret information initially, with the assurance, based on the uncertainty principle, that it is unknown to anyone else. The present invention, which can be used with a fiberoptic channel or an unguided light beam, differs from previous QKD schemes in using macroscopic signals instead of single photons. The invention solves the problem of stray light and cost by using signals which are more efficient, and less noisy than photon-counting detectors at the wavelengths where optical fibers are most transparent.