Abstract: Techniques described herein address these and other issues by providing an architecture of antennas capable of generating a relatively even H-field without exceeding exposure limits, while solving communication issues at the same time. More specifically techniques described herein are directed toward the use of multiple antennas that enable an interrogator device of a biological measurement and stimulation system to power different groups of medical implants at different times by creating fields in different regions of the brain. By doing this, the interrogator device can independently power and/or communicate with groups of medical implants in these different regions and create more evenly-distributed fields while doing so.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described that provide for generating a multicarrier wakeup signal that is modulated using multiple on-off keying (OOK) patterns. In some cases, the OOK pattern may be constructed using one or more of the following techniques: forward error correction (FEC) coding, spreading, encoding (e.g., DC balance encoding such as Manchester encoding), and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) overlay mapping. The resulting signal may serve to increase the sensitivity of the receiver. The OOK patterns may include on portions and off portions that are indicative of different bit values, such as a one bit or a zero bit. The multicarrier wakeup signal may be decoded by a first radio of a wireless device that compares the energy of the signal over different time periods to determine the bit value. Once determined, the wireless device may choose to activate a second radio for communication.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to methods and apparatus for wirelessly charging a device having a wireless power receiver with a dead battery. One example method for safely wirelessly charging an implantable device, with an apparatus, generally includes determining that the implantable device has a dead battery; based on the determination, wirelessly transmitting power from the apparatus at an initial level for a first interval; checking for a first signal received from the implantable device during or at an end of the first interval or a period associated with the initial level; and if no first signal is received from the implantable device, increasing the transmitted power to a higher level for a second interval.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. An access point (AP) may identify a jitter pattern for a wakeup message. A station may listen using a wakeup radio for a wakeup message during wakeup listening periods according to the identified jitter pattern. A station may receive a preamble having a first bandwidth and a wakeup message having a second bandwidth. An AP may transmit an identifier key to a station, and the station may determine a rotating identifier associated with the AP based on the received identifier key. The station may receive a wakeup message from the AP, compare a sender identifier with the rotating identifier, and power on a second radio. A station may also receive a wakeup message that includes an indication of which station are to be activated.

Abstract: Techniques are described in this disclosure of a physical layer design for wakeup messages having multiple types of wakeup messages. Such designs may include a standard wakeup message having a first bit duration and a low-sensitivity wakeup message having a second bit duration. During operation, the access point (AP) may select which type of wakeup message to use when communicating with a wireless device or a group of wireless devices. Wakeup intervals during a low-power mode of the wireless device may be adjusted based at least in part on which type of wakeup message is being used. Parameter values for the wakeup messages may be determined based at least in part on proximity of the wireless device relative to the AP.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. Generally, the described techniques provide for an access point (AP) that may identify a pending communication for a wireless device and transmit a wakeup message comprising a device specific identifier to a wakeup radio of the wireless device. The wakeup message may include a preamble, a signal field, and a data field. In some cases, the wireless device may demodulate the wakeup message using a phase modulated on-off keying (PM-OOK) modulation. After awakening, the wireless device and the AP may exchange data using the primary radio, which may be a wireless local area network (WLAN) transceiver or a wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceiver. The wireless device may receive the wakeup message using the wakeup radio, decode the message to obtain a device specific identifier, and activate a primary radio to communicate with the AP.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications and, more particularly, to ultra low power paging frames for wake up and discovery. One example apparatus for wireless communications generally includes at least one interface configured to obtain a frame via a first radio and a second radio, wherein the interface receives a frame from another apparatus via the second radio while the first radio is in a first power state; and a processing system configured to take one or more actions based on a command field included in the frame.

Abstract: A station configured to operate in a wireless network includes low-power protocol circuitry configured to operate according to a low-power protocol coupled to primary protocol circuitry configured to operate according to a first protocol. The low-power protocol circuitry includes a wake-up receiver configured to transition into a receive mode according to a medium access schedule. The wake-up receiver is also configured to receive synchronization signals from a wake-up transmitter of an access point in the wireless network. Each synchronization signal is received according to a slot-skipping transmit schedule of the wake-up transmitter. The low-power protocol circuitry also includes a low-power processor configured to synchronize a clock of the wake-up receiver to a clock of the wake-up transmitter based on at least one of the synchronization signals.

Abstract: A method of operation of an electronic device includes receiving a discovery message from an access point using a wakeup receiver of the electronic device. The method further includes activating a modem of the electronic device in response to receiving the discovery message. Operation of the wakeup receiver is associated with a first power consumption that is less than a second power consumption associated with operation of the modem. The method further includes performing an association process with the access point using the modem after activating the modem.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in an efficient wakeup protocol for discovery between two devices. A first device configured to transmit discovery signals can wake up at a predetermined drift time, and a second device configured to receive the discovery signals can wake up at a predetermined wakeup time shortly after the predetermined drift time. The second device can remain awake for a very short duration, where the duration can be based on the packet length of the discovery signal or the interval between each transmitted discovery signal. Upon receiving a discovery signal, the second device can pair with the first device so that further communications can occur between the two devices.

Abstract: Techniques provided herein are directed toward providing a selection protocol that can be used in such biological measurement and stimulation systems to select only a portion of the medical implants for reporting during a particular system cycle. In particular, the interrogator device can send the first message that defines a group to the medical implants, then send a second message with the identifier of the group to trigger communications with the medical implants of that group.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications and, more particularly, to ultra low-power paging frames for wake up and discovery. One example apparatus for wireless communications generally includes at least one interface configured to receive via a first radio and a second radio, wherein the at least one interface receives a paging frame from another apparatus via the second radio while the first radio is in a first power state that is lower than a second power state of the second radio; and a processing system configured to take one or more actions based on a command field included in the paging frame.

Abstract: Some aspects of the present disclosure provide for methods, apparatus, and computer software for low-power synchronization of wireless communication devices. In one example, an asynchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) channel may be utilized for uplink communication. By utilizing asynchronous CDMA on the uplink, synchronization requirements are relaxed relative to other forms of communication. Accordingly, a synchronization period after coming out of a sleep state can be short, reducing power consumption during re-synchronization. In another example, a low-power companion receiver, rather than the full-power WWAN receiver, may be utilized to acquire a sync signal while the device is in its sleep state. Once synchronism is achieved via the low-power companion receiver, the full-power radio may power up and perform communication with the network. By shifting the synchronization from the full-power radio to the low-power companion radio, power consumption during re-synchronization can be achieved.

Abstract: A method includes transmitting, from an electronic device in a neighbor awareness network (NAN) via a first wireless protocol, a wake up message indicating discovery information associated with a second wireless protocol. The method further includes communicating information via the NAN using the second wireless protocol after transmitting the wake up message.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for wireless communication. In one aspect an apparatus for wirelessly communicating with a wireless station is provided. The apparatus comprises a first transceiver configured to receive a backoff signal from the wireless station during a first time period, the backoff signal configured to indicate a second time period. The apparatus further comprises a processor operationally coupled to the first transceiver and configured to refrain the first transceiver from transmitting a wireless signal during the second time period.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for enhancing the power efficiency of low power internet of everything (JOE) devices or user equipments (UEs). A UE or IOE having a low power companion receiver maintains its full power receiver in a sleep state until it receives a wake up indicator from a base station. In response to the wake up signal, the UE or IOE powers up its full power receiver and receives data from the base station. The base station further schedules the wake up signals so as not to collide with control signals expected by UEs or IOEs without low power receivers, or those UEs and IOEs are configured to detect and react to the wake up signals.

Abstract: When embedding a signal into a selected subcarrier of a multicarrier downlink waveform of regular data/control signaling, a base station modulates the embedded signal with a different modulation scheme than the other data in the downlink waveform. The base station nulls adjacent subcarriers to minimize interference at a low-power wake-up receiver of an IOE device(s). The IOE device wakes up the low-power wake-up receiver at scheduled times to listen for the signal. For synchronization signals, the IOE device corrects a local clock based on a correlation value of the signal to a predetermined sequence. For wake-up signals, the IOE device correlates whatever is detected at the antenna to a predetermined sequence and compares the correlation value to a predetermined threshold. If the threshold is met, the IOE device registers a wake-up signal and wakes the primary transceiver of the device. If not, the receiver goes back to sleep.

Abstract: When embedding a signal into a selected subcarrier of a multicarrier downlink waveform of regular data/control signaling, a base station modulates the embedded signal with a different modulation scheme than the other data in the downlink waveform. The base station nulls adjacent subcarriers to minimize interference at a low-power wake-up receiver of an IOE device(s). The IOE device wakes up the low-power wake-up receiver at scheduled times to listen for the signal. For synchronization signals, the IOE device corrects a local clock based on a correlation value of the signal to a predetermined sequence. For wake-up signals, the IOE device correlates whatever is detected at the antenna to a predetermined sequence and compares the correlation value to a predetermined threshold. If the threshold is met, the IOE device registers a wake-up signal and wakes the primary transceiver of the device. If not, the receiver goes back to sleep.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are described for wireless communication at a wireless device. An access point (AP) may identify a pending communication for a wireless device and transmit a wakeup message comprising a device specific sequence to a companion radio of the device. The device may receive the wakeup message using the companion radio, decode the message to obtain a device specific sequence, and activate a primary radio. The wakeup message may include a preamble, a signal field, and a data field. In some cases, the wireless device may demodulate the wakeup message using ON-OFF keying (OOK) modulation. The AP and the device may then exchange data using the primary radio.

Abstract: Some aspects of the present disclosure provide for methods, apparatus, and computer software for low-power synchronization of wireless communication devices. In one example, an asynchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) channel may be utilized for uplink communication. By utilizing asynchronous CDMA on the uplink, synchronization requirements are relaxed relative to other forms of communication. Accordingly, a synchronization period after coming out of a sleep state can be short, reducing power consumption during re-synchronization. In another example, a low-power companion receiver, rather than the full-power WWAN receiver, may be utilized to acquire a sync signal while the device is in its sleep state. Once synchronism is achieved via the low-power companion receiver, the full-power radio may power up and perform communication with the network. By shifting the synchronization from the full-power radio to the low-power companion radio, power consumption during re-synchronization can be achieved.