Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for electromagnetically designing a shaped-reflector multibeam antenna (100) are disclosed. An initial configuration of the multibeam antenna (100) for given beam directions is provided of reflectors (110,120) shaped with an initial reflector shaping process (612) and feeds of an initial specification (614). The initial reflector shaping process (612) is an iterative optimization process for increasing the focusing of optical rays incident on the multibeam antenna from the given beam directions (100). A second iterative optimizing process consisting of optimizing (620) radiation patterns of feeds (140A-140D) and optimizing (622) surface shapes and sizes of reflectors (110,120) is used to reduce beam spillover, improve beam shapes and obtain beams with gain radiation patterns within required upper and lower bounds.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for electromagnetically designing a shaped-reflector multibeam antenna (100) are disclosed. An initial configuration of the multibeam antenna (100) for given beam directions is provided of reflectors (110,120) shaped with an initial reflector shaping process (612) and feeds of an initial specification (614). The initial reflector shaping process (612) is an iterative optimization process for increasing the focusing of optical rays incident on the multibeam antenna from the given beam directions (100). A second iterative optimizing process consisting of optimizing (620) radiation patterns of feeds (140A-140D) and optimizing (622) surface shapes and sizes of reflectors (110,120) is used to reduce beam spillover, improve beam shapes and obtain beams with gain radiation patterns within required upper and lower bounds.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of arylcyclobutylnitrile derivatives which involves reaction of a solution of a 1,3-dihalopropane and a cyanobenzyl derivative in a substantialy dimethyl sulphoxide-free solvent with a suspension of a base in a substantially dimethyl sulphoxide-free solvent at a temperature of at least 35° C.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for setting the upstand height of the studs of an array of studs used to form antenna panels is disclosed. The apparatus includes a transducer beam having a row of spaced-apart distance transducers. The apparatus also includes an actuator beam having a row of spaced rotary actuators. The actuators rotate the threaded studs to raise or lower the studs until the corresponding transducer indicates that the stud has achieved an intended height. Also disclosed is a method using an array of laser diodes, rather than the transducer beam, arranged at one end of the base plate and an array of photo diodes at the opposite end. The output of the diodes indicates the height of the studs.