Abstract: A method of capturing carbon dioxide from a steam methane reformer system includes mixing tail gas from the steam methane reformer system with anode exhaust gas from an anode of a molten carbonate fuel cell to form a gas mixture, compressing the gas mixture, cooling the gas mixture, and separating the gas mixture into liquid carbon dioxide and a residual gas mixture.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack having a plurality of fuel cells that each contain a plurality of fuel electrodes and air electrodes. The system includes a fuel receiving unit connected to the fuel cell stack, which receives a hydrocarbon fuel from a fuel supply. The system includes a fuel exhaust processing unit fluidly coupled to the fuel cell stack by a slip stream, where the fuel exhaust processing unit processes fuel exhaust from the fuel cell stack, and the slip stream is fluidly connected to an exhaust stream flowing from the fuel cell stack. The fuel processing unit removes a first portion of carbon dioxide (CO2) from fuel exhaust within the slip stream, outputs the first portion of CO2 in a first stream, and outputs a second portion of CO2 remaining from the fuel exhaust in the slip stream into a second stream, which includes hydrogen.

Abstract: A molten carbonate fuel cell-powered system for capturing carbon dioxide produced by a steam methane reformer system. Tail gas from a pressure swing adsorption system is mixed with exhaust gas from the fuel cell anode, then pressurized and cooled to extract liquefied carbon dioxide. The residual low-CO2 gas is directed to an anode gas oxidizer, to the anode, to the reformer to be burned for fuel, and/or to the pressure swing adsorption system. Low-CO2 flue gas from the reformer can be vented to the atmosphere or directed to the anode gas oxidizer. Reduction in the amount of CO2 reaching the fuel cell allows the fuel cell to be sized according to the power demands of the system and eliminates the need to export additional power output.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack having a plurality of fuel cells that each contain a plurality of fuel electrodes and air electrodes. The system includes a fuel receiving unit connected to the fuel cell stack, which receives a hydrocarbon fuel from a fuel supply. The system includes a fuel exhaust processing unit fluidly coupled to the fuel cell stack by a slip stream, where the fuel exhaust processing unit processes fuel exhaust from the fuel cell stack, and the slip stream is fluidly connected to an exhaust stream flowing from the fuel cell stack. The fuel processing unit removes a first portion of carbon dioxide (CO2) from fuel exhaust within the slip stream, outputs the first portion of CO2 in a first stream, and outputs a second portion of CO2 remaining from the fuel exhaust in the slip stream into a second stream, which includes hydrogen.

Abstract: A method for controlling a carbon dioxide utilization in a fuel cell assembly includes: measuring a voltage across the fuel cell assembly; determining an estimated carbon dioxide utilization of the fuel cell assembly based on at least the measured voltage across the fuel cell assembly by determining an expected voltage of the fuel cell assembly based on at least a temperature of the fuel cell assembly, a current density across the fuel cell assembly, a fuel utilization of the fuel cell assembly, and a cathode oxygen utilization of the fuel cell assembly; determining the estimated carbon dioxide utilization based on a comparison between the measured voltage and the determined expected voltage; comparing the determined estimated carbon dioxide utilization to a predetermined threshold utilization; and upon determining that the determined estimated carbon dioxide utilization is higher than the predetermined threshold utilization, reducing the carbon utilization of the fuel cell assembly.

Abstract: Provided is a system and method for extracting organic solutes from water with a filter media. The system and method allow for regenerating the filter media following treatment of a water supply containing one or more organic solutes to allow the media to be reused for subsequent water treatment operations. The system and method also allows for regeneration of the displacement fluid for reuse in the regeneration of the media with recovery of at least one or more organic solutes from the displacement fluid. Additionally, the system and method allows for substantially continuous treatment of a water supply and regeneration of a filter media.

Abstract: A system for capturing carbon dioxide in flue gas includes a fuel cell assembly including at least one fuel cell including a cathode portion configured to receive, as cathode inlet gas, the flue gas generated by the flue gas generating device or a derivative thereof, and to output cathode exhaust gas and an anode portion configure to receive an anode inlet gas and to output anode exhaust gas, a fuel cell assembly voltage monitor configured to measure a voltage across the fuel cell assembly, and a controller configured to receive the measured voltage across the fuel cell assembly from the fuel cell assembly voltage monitor, determine an estimated carbon dioxide utilization of the fuel cell assembly based on the measured voltage across the fuel cell assembly, and reduce the carbon dioxide utilization of the fuel cell assembly when the determined estimated carbon dioxide utilization is above a predetermined threshold utilization.

Abstract: Provided is a system and method for extracting organic solutes from water with a filter media. The system and method allow for regenerating the filter media following treatment of a water supply containing one or more organic solutes to allow the media to be reused for subsequent water treatment operations. The system and method also allows for regeneration of the displacement fluid for reuse in the regeneration of the media with recovery of at least one or more organic solutes from the displacement fluid. Additionally, the system and method allows for substantially continuous treatment of a water supply and regeneration of a filter media.

Abstract: A steam vaporizer assembly includes an internal steam generator having a vessel configured to hold water, a vaporizer unit having a heating element configured to heat the water to generate saturated steam; and a controller configured to: cause the heating element to heat the water to a stand-by temperature; and while maintaining a water level of the water in the vessel between two control points: maintain the water in the vessel at the stand-by temperature until steam generation is required, and when steam generation is required, heating the water in the vessel from the stand-by temperature to a temperature at or above a vaporization temperature of the water using a heating element, to generate the steam.

Abstract: A power production system includes a fuel cell separation system configured to receive a flue gas and to produce electrical power therefrom; a flue gas polishing system positioned upstream of the fuel cell separation system and configured to remove contaminants in the flue gas; a flue gas analyzer configured to measure in real-time an amount of the contaminants in the flue gas; and a plant control system operatively coupled to the flue gas polishing system, the flue gas analyzer, and the fuel cell separation system and configured to adjust operational parameters of the flue gas polishing system.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack having a plurality of fuel cells that each contain a plurality of fuel electrodes and air electrodes. The system includes a fuel receiving unit connected to the fuel cell stack, which receives a hydrocarbon fuel from a fuel supply. The system includes a fuel exhaust processing unit fluidly coupled to the fuel cell stack by a slip stream, where the fuel exhaust processing unit processes fuel exhaust from the fuel cell stack, and the slip stream is fluidly connected to an exhaust stream flowing from the fuel cell stack. The fuel processing unit removes a first portion of carbon dioxide (CO2) from fuel exhaust within the slip stream, outputs the first portion of CO2 in a first stream, and outputs a second portion of CO2 remaining from the fuel exhaust in the slip stream into a second stream, which includes hydrogen.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes an anode configured to output an anode exhaust stream comprising hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and water; and a membrane dryer configured to receive the anode exhaust stream, remove water from the anode exhaust stream, and output a membrane dryer outlet stream. The membrane dryer includes a first chamber configured to receive the anode exhaust stream; a second chamber configured to receive a purge gas; and a semi-permeable membrane separating the first chamber and the second chamber. The semi-permeable membrane is configured to allow water to diffuse therethrough, thereby removing water from the anode exhaust stream. The membrane dryer may further be configured to remove hydrogen from the anode exhaust stream.

Abstract: A molten carbonate fuel cell-powered system for capturing carbon dioxide produced by a steam methane reformer system. Tail gas from a pressure swing adsorption system is mixed with exhaust gas from the fuel cell anode, then pressurized and cooled to extract liquefied carbon dioxide. The residual low-CO2 gas is directed to an anode gas oxidizer, to the anode, to the reformer to be burned for fuel, and/or to the pressure swing adsorption system. Low-CO2 flue gas from the reformer can be vented to the atmosphere or directed to the anode gas oxidizer. Reduction in the amount of CO2 reaching the fuel cell allows the fuel cell to be sized according to the power demands of the system and eliminates the need to export additional power output.

Abstract: A system for capturing carbon dioxide in flue gas includes a fuel cell assembly including at least one fuel cell including a cathode portion configured to receive, as cathode inlet gas, the flue gas generated by the flue gas generating device or a derivative thereof, and to output cathode exhaust gas and an anode portion configure to receive an anode inlet gas and to output anode exhaust gas, a fuel cell assembly voltage monitor configured to measure a voltage across the fuel cell assembly, and a controller configured to receive the measured voltage across the fuel cell assembly from the fuel cell assembly voltage monitor, determine an estimated carbon dioxide utilization of the fuel cell assembly based on the measured voltage across the fuel cell assembly, and reduce the carbon dioxide utilization of the fuel cell assembly when the determined estimated carbon dioxide utilization is above a predetermined threshold utilization.

Abstract: A fuel cell module includes a plurality of fuel cell stacks; a manifold configured to provide process gases to and receive process gases from the plurality of fuel cell stacks; and a module housing enclosing the plurality of fuel cell stacks and the manifold. Each of the plurality of fuel cell stacks is individually installable onto the manifold by lowering the fuel cell stack onto the manifold, and is individually removable from the manifold by raising the fuel cell stack from the manifold.

Abstract: A fuel cell module includes a plurality of fuel cell stacks; a manifold configured to provide process gases to and receive process gases from the plurality of fuel cell stacks; and a module housing enclosing the plurality of fuel cell stacks and the manifold. Each of the plurality of fuel cell stacks is individually installable onto the manifold by lowering the fuel cell stack onto the manifold, and is individually removable from the manifold by raising the fuel cell stack from the manifold.

Abstract: A fuel cell module includes a plurality of fuel cell stacks; a manifold configured to provide process gases to and receive process gases from the plurality of fuel cell stacks; and a module housing enclosing the plurality of fuel cell stacks and the manifold. Each of the plurality of fuel cell stacks is individually installable onto the manifold by lowering the fuel cell stack onto the manifold, and is individually removable from the manifold by raising the fuel cell stack from the manifold.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes an anode configured to output an anode exhaust stream comprising hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and water; and a membrane dryer configured to receive the anode exhaust stream, remove water from the anode exhaust stream, and output a membrane dryer outlet stream. The membrane dryer includes a first chamber configured to receive the anode exhaust stream; a second chamber configured to receive a purge gas; and a semi-permeable membrane separating the first chamber and the second chamber. The semi-permeable membrane is configured to allow water to diffuse therethrough, thereby removing water from the anode exhaust stream. The membrane dryer may further be configured to remove hydrogen from the anode exhaust stream.

Abstract: Provided is a system and method for extracting organic solutes from water with a filter media. The system and method allow for regenerating the filter media following treatment of a water supply containing one or more organic solutes to allow the media to be reused for subsequent water treatment operations. The system and method also allows for regeneration of the displacement fluid for reuse in the regeneration of the media with recovery of at least one or more organic solutes from the displacement fluid. Additionally, the system and method allows for substantially continuous treatment of a water supply and regeneration of a filter media.

Abstract: A power production system includes a fuel cell separation system configured to receive a flue gas and to produce electrical power therefrom; a flue gas polishing system positioned upstream of the fuel cell separation system and configured to remove contaminants in the flue gas; a flue gas analyzer configured to measure in real-time an amount of the contaminants in the flue gas; and a plant control system operatively coupled to the flue gas polishing system, the flue gas analyzer, and the fuel cell separation system and configured to adjust operational parameters of the flue gas polishing system.