Patents by Inventor Stephen L. Buchwalter
Stephen L. Buchwalter has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 5281447Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for forming a metal coating on a substrate by applying an oxalate of a Group VIII element from the Periodic Table of the Elements to the substrate. The oxalate is selected so that it will decompose to a complex of a zero valent Group VIII element or a Group VIII element on exposure to an energy source. Microelectronic circuits, etch masks or metal contacts on superconductors can be formed by the method when the oxalate coating is exposed to an energy source through a mask or the energy source beamed at the oxalate to trace a pattern on it.The metal thus obtained can be subsequently coated by electroless compositions especially where the Group VIII element is a catalyst for electroless coatings such as palladium. Additionally, the metal coating may be coated by an electrolytic composition.Type: GrantFiled: October 25, 1991Date of Patent: January 25, 1994Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Michael J. Brady, Stephen L. Buchwalter, Richard J. Gambino, Martin J. Goldberg, Kam L. Lee, Alfred Viehbeck
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Patent number: 5242713Abstract: Certain organic polymeric materials are capable of reversibly accepting or donating electrons from a reducing entity. The redox sites in the polymer accept electrons and, as a result, a change in the properties of the polymer occurs. This change is useful in modifying or etching the polymeric material The material can be modified by incorporation of metallic seeds into the material at a controlled depth. The seeds are incorporated by interaction of cations of the metals with the redox sites in the polymer, which cause the reduction of the cations to form the neutral metallic seeds. Subsequent exposure of the polymeric material containing the seeds to an electroless bath causes further deposition of metal having the desirable characteristic of good adhesion to the polymeric material. Etching of the polymeric material can be carried out as a result of an increase in solubility of the polymer in aprotic solvents when its redox sites have accepted electrons.Type: GrantFiled: December 23, 1988Date of Patent: September 7, 1993Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Alfred Viehbeck, Stephen L. Buchwalter, William A. Donson, John J. Glenning, Martin J. Goldberg, Kurt R. Grebe, Caroline A. Kovac, Linda C. Matthew, Walter P. Pawlowski, Mark J. Schadt, Michael R. Scheuermann, Stephen L. Tisdale
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Patent number: 5203955Abstract: Certain organic polymeric materials are capable of reversibly accepting or donating electrons from a reducing entity. The redox sites in the polymer accept electrons and, as a result, a change in the properties of the polymer occurs. This change is useful in modifying or etching the polymeric material. The material can be modified by incorporation of metallic seeds into the material at a controlled depth. The seeds are incorporated by interaction of cations of the metals with the redox sites in the polymer, which cause the reduction of the cations to form the neutral metallic seeds. Subsequent exposure of the polymeric material containing the seeds to an electroless bath causes further deposition of metal having the desirable characteristic of good adhesion to the polymeric material. Etching of the polymeric material can be carried out as a result of an increase in solubility of the polymer in aprotic solvents when its redox sites have accepted electrons.Type: GrantFiled: May 24, 1991Date of Patent: April 20, 1993Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Aldred Viehbeck, Stephen L. Buchwalter, John J. Glenning, Martin J. Goldberg, Caroline A. Kovac, Linda C. Matthew, Walter P. Pawlowski, Stephen L. Tisdale
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Patent number: 5187241Abstract: The invention relates to the formation of isoimides from amic acids, especially polyisoimides by a novel process in which polyimides are first converted to polyamic acids and then contacted with an isoimidizing agent. An acyl halide of a heterocyclic nitrogen compound or an acyl halide of a heterocyclic sulphur compound can be used as the isoimidizing agent. The isoimidization may also be carried out in the presence of a compound containing a heterocyclic nitrogen especially a solvent containing a heterocyclic nitrogen.The invention is especially applicable to conducting nucleophilic addition reactions on the surface of polyimides where the surface has been converted to a polyamic acid or on the surface of polyamic acid materials followed by isoimidization and reaction of the isoimide with a nucleophile such as an amine or organic hydroxy compound.Photosensitive metal compounds or electroless metal coating catalysts can be coordinated with the compositions obtained.Type: GrantFiled: October 3, 1991Date of Patent: February 16, 1993Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Stephen L. Buchwalter, Ernest R. Frank, Terrence R. O'Toole, Richard R. Thomas, Alfred Viehbeck
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Patent number: 5179467Abstract: An electrochemical color change cell incorporating as a color changing agent intramolecular charge transfer salt or an intermolecular charge transfer salt. The intermolecular charge transfer salts and the intramolecular charge transfer salts have a plurality of oxidation states and a wide variation in color change. The intermolecular and intramolecular charge transfer salts preferably contain a violene moiety and a moiety having a carbonyl group conjugated to an aromatic moiety. The intramolecular charge transfer salts have a stable covalent radical-anion/radical-cation configuration. The intermolecular charge transfer salts have a stable ionic radical-anion/radical-cation configuration.Type: GrantFiled: September 17, 1990Date of Patent: January 12, 1993Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Stephen L. Buchwalter, Martin J. Goldberg, Revathi Iyengar, Terrence R. O'Toole, Alfred Viehbeck
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Patent number: 5135779Abstract: Certain organic polymeric materials are capable of reversibly accepting or donating electrons from a reducing entity. The redox sites in the polymer accept electrons and, as a result, a change in the properties of the polymer occurs. This change is useful in modifying or etching the polymeric material. The material can be modified by incorporation of metallic seeds into the material at a controlled depth. The seeds are incorporated by interaction of cations of the metals with the redox sites in the polymer, which cause the reduction of the cations to form the neutral metallic seeds. Subsequent exposure of the polymeric material containing the seeds to an electroless bath causes further deposition of metal having the desirable characteristic of good adhesion to the polymeric material. Etching of the polymeric material can be carried out as a result of an increase in solubility of the polymer in aprotic solvents when its redox sites have accepted electrons.Type: GrantFiled: May 24, 1991Date of Patent: August 4, 1992Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Alfred Viehbeck, Stephen L. Buchwalter, Martin J. Goldberg, Caroline A. Kovac, Stephen L. Tisdale
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Patent number: 5133840Abstract: The surface modification of polyimide materials by a chemical process is disclosed to provide a variety of functional groups on the surface. The surface is treated to produce polyamic acid carboxyl groups which are subsequently reacted with epoxies, hydrazines, or alcohols. The carboxyl groups can be also be subjected to other organic reactions, such as reduction with metal hydrides and the like. The versatility and controllability of this process lends itself to promoting adhesion of the polyimide to similarly treated polyimides, other polymers and other substrates as well as combining with metals such as metal catalysts used for depositing conductors on non-conductive surfaces such as circuit boards.Type: GrantFiled: May 15, 1990Date of Patent: July 28, 1992Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Leena P. Buchwalter, Stephen L. Buchwalter, Terrence R. O'Toole, Richard R. Thomas, Alfred Viehbeck
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Patent number: 4832808Abstract: Reaction product of a polyimide and a secondary/tertiary polyamine and/or primary/tertiary polyamine, and/or protected primary/tertiary polyamine, and use thereof in electrophoretic deposition.Type: GrantFiled: January 2, 1987Date of Patent: May 23, 1989Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventor: Stephen L. Buchwalter
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Patent number: 4414068Abstract: The present invention relates to N-methylol amide-containing resinous compositions and the methods of preparing them. Aqueous dispersions of the instant resinous composition containing N-methylol amides in amounts sufficient to impart self-curing at comparatively low temperatures are disclosed. The aqueous dispersions of the instant resinous compositions are useful as coating compositions; they are particularly suited to electrodeposition.Type: GrantFiled: March 11, 1982Date of Patent: November 8, 1983Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventors: Steven E. Patricca, Stephen L. Buchwalter
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Self-curable resinous compositions containing N-methylol amide groups useful in coating applications
Patent number: 4341676Abstract: The present invention relates to N-methylol amide-containing resinous compositions and the methods of preparing them. Aqueous dispersions of the instant resinous composition containing N-methylol amides in amounts sufficient to impart self-curing at comparatively low temperatures are disclosed. The aqueous dispersions of the instant resinous compositions are useful as coating compositions; they are particularly suited to electrodeposition.Type: GrantFiled: August 4, 1980Date of Patent: July 27, 1982Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventors: Steven E. Patricca, Stephen L. Buchwalter -
Patent number: 4330640Abstract: Novel acrylic polymers with pendant unsaturation are disclosed. Also disclosed is a wide variety of amine-containing acrylic resinous compositions prepared therefrom. These compositions are useful for coating applications, particularly cationic electrodeposition. An inexpensive method of preparing the resinous compositions of this invention is provided.Type: GrantFiled: June 16, 1980Date of Patent: May 18, 1982Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventor: Stephen L. Buchwalter
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Patent number: 4316784Abstract: Resinous compositions which are the Michael adducts of primary and/or secondary amines and polymers containing alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated moieties in conjugation with carbonyl moieties are disclosed. The compositions are depositable on substrates to form films. The films are amenable to oxidative and aminoplast cures and cure with light color. The compositions are desirable for use in cationic electrodeposition.Type: GrantFiled: March 26, 1981Date of Patent: February 23, 1982Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventors: Stephen L. Buchwalter, Joseph F. Bosso, Roger M. Christenson
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Patent number: 4256560Abstract: Curable resinous compositions containing primary and/or secondary amine groups which are non-volatile under curing conditions and containing alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated moieties in conjugation with carbonyl moieties which are reacted with a primary and/or secondary amine which are volatile under curing conditions are disclosed. The compositions are depositable on a substrate to form films.Type: GrantFiled: September 19, 1979Date of Patent: March 17, 1981Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventors: Stephen L. Buchwalter, Robert D. Jerabek, Lee-Pei H. Chou, Roger M. Christenson
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Patent number: 4248753Abstract: Resinous compositions which are the Michael adducts of primary and/or secondary amines and polymers containing alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated moieties in conjugation with carbonyl moieties are disclosed. The compositions are depositable on substrates to form films. The films are amenable to oxidative and aminoplast cures and cure with light color. The compositions are desirable for use in cationic electrodeposition.Type: GrantFiled: August 28, 1978Date of Patent: February 3, 1981Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventors: Stephen L. Buchwalter, Joseph F. Bosso, Roger M. Christenson
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Patent number: 4198331Abstract: Curable resinous compositions containing primary and/or secondary amine groups which are non-volatile under curing conditions and containing alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated moieties in conjugation with carbonyl moieties which are reacted with a primary and/or secondary amine which are volatile under curing conditions are disclosed. The compositions are depositable on a substrate to form films.Type: GrantFiled: August 28, 1978Date of Patent: April 15, 1980Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventors: Stephen L. Buchwalter, Robert D. Jerabek, Lee-Pei H. Chou, Roger M. Christenson
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Patent number: 4141810Abstract: A method of cationic electrodeposition on an electroconductive substrate is disclosed. The method of the invention employs as the electrocoating vehicle an aqueous dispersion of a quaternary ammonium carbonate-containing resin. Electrodeposition of the resin is accomplished without generating harmful acid from the counter ion. The carbonate counter ion is continuously evolved from the electrodeposition bath at the anode as carbon dioxide.The quaternary ammonium carbonate-containing polymers are also useful as feed resins for controlling the pH of aqueous dispersions of acidified cationic resins used in electrodeposition. Upon electrodeposition, these resins generate acid which can build up to undesirable levels in the electrodeposition bath. The quaternary ammonium carbonate-containing polymers are relatively basic and when fed into the bath react with the acid to form the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt of the acid releasing carbon dioxide.Type: GrantFiled: March 23, 1978Date of Patent: February 27, 1979Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventors: Stephen L. Buchwalter, Joseph F. Bosso, Roger M. Christenson
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Patent number: 4102863Abstract: A method of cationic electrodeposition on an electroconductive substrate is disclosed. The method of the invention employs as the electrocoating vehicle an aqueous dispersion of a quaternary ammonium carbonate-containing resin. Electrodeposition of the resin is accomplished without generating harmful acid from the counter ion. The carbonate counter ion is continuously evolved from the electrodeposition bath at the anode as carbon dioxide.The quaternary ammonium carbonate-containing polymers are also useful as feed resins for controlling the pH of aqueous dispersions of acidified cationic resins used in electrodeposition. Upon electrodeposition, these resins generate acid which can build up to undesirable levels in the electrodeposition bath. The quaternary ammonium carbonate-containing polymers are relatively basic and when fed into the bath react with the acid to form the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt of the acid releasing carbon dioxide.Type: GrantFiled: November 24, 1976Date of Patent: July 25, 1978Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventors: Stephen L. Buchwalter, Joseph F. Bosso, Roger M. Christenson
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Patent number: RE31022Abstract: Resinous compositions which are the Michael adducts of primary and/or secondary amines and polymers containing alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated moieties in conjugation with carbonyl moieties are disclosed. The compositions are depositable on substrates to form films. The films are amenable to oxidative and aminoplast cures and cure with light color. The compositions are desirable for use in cationic electrodeposition.Type: GrantFiled: March 26, 1981Date of Patent: August 31, 1982Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventors: Stephen L. Buchwalter, Joseph F. Bosso, Roger M. Christenson