Abstract: Stapling assemblies for use with a surgical stapler are provided. In one exemplary embodiment, the stapling assembly includes a cartridge having a plurality of staples disposed therein and a non-fibrous adjunct formed of at least one fused bioabsorbable polymer and configured to be releasably retained on the cartridge. Adjunct systems for use with a surgical stapler are also provided. Surgical end effectors using the stapling assemblies are also provided. Methods for manufacturing stapling assemblies and using the same are also provided.

Abstract: Silica composites and supported chromium catalysts having a bulk density of 0.08 to 0.4 g/mL, a total pore volume of 0.4 to 2.5 mL/g, a BET surface area of 175 to 375 m2/g, and a peak pore diameter of 10 to 80 nm are disclosed herein. These silica composites and supported chromium catalysts can be formed by combining two silica components. The first silica component can be irregularly shaped, such as fumed silica, and the second silica component can be a colloidal silica or a silicon-containing compound, and the second silica component can act as a glue to bind the silica composite together.

Abstract: Silica composites and supported chromium catalysts having a bulk density of 0.08 to 0.4 g/mL, a total pore volume of 0.4 to 2.5 mL/g, a BET surface area of 175 to 375 m2/g, and a peak pore diameter of 10 to 80 nm are disclosed herein. These silica composites and supported chromium catalysts can be formed by combining two silica components. The first silica component can be irregularly shaped, such as fumed silica, and the second silica component can be a colloidal silica or a silicon-containing compound, and the second silica component can act as a glue to bind the silica composite together.

Abstract: Silica composites and supported chromium catalysts having a bulk density of 0.08 to 0.4 g/mL, a total pore volume of 0.4 to 2.5 mL/g, a BET surface area of 175 to 375 m2/g, and a peak pore diameter of 10 to 80 nm are disclosed herein. These silica composites and supported chromium catalysts can be formed by combining two silica components. The first silica component can be irregularly shaped, such as fumed silica, and the second silica component can be a colloidal silica or a silicon-containing compound, and the second silica component can act as a glue to bind the silica composite together.

Abstract: Silica composites and supported chromium catalysts having a bulk density of 0.08 to 0.4 g/mL, a total pore volume of 0.4 to 2.5 mL/g, a BET surface area of 175 to 375 m2/g, and a peak pore diameter of 10 to 80 nm are disclosed herein. These silica composites and supported chromium catalysts can be formed by combining two silica components. The first silica component can be irregularly shaped, such as fumed silica, and the second silica component can be a colloidal silica or a silicon-containing compound, and the second silica component can act as a glue to bind the silica composite together.

Abstract: Silica composites and supported chromium catalysts having a bulk density of 0.08 to 0.4 g/mL, a total pore volume of 0.4 to 2.5 mL/g, a BET surface area of 175 to 375 m2/g, and a peak pore diameter of 10 to 80 nm are disclosed herein. These silica composites and supported chromium catalysts can be formed by combining two silica components. The first silica component can be irregularly shaped, such as fumed silica, and the second silica component can be a colloidal silica or a silicon-containing compound, and the second silica component can act as a glue to bind the silica composite together.

Abstract: Silica composites and supported chromium catalysts having a bulk density of 0.08 to 0.4 g/mL, a total pore volume of 0.4 to 2.5 mL/g, a BET surface area of 175 to 375 m2/g, and a peak pore diameter of 10 to 80 nm are disclosed herein. These silica composites and supported chromium catalysts can be formed by combining two silica components. The first silica component can be irregularly shaped, such as fumed silica, and the second silica component can be a colloidal silica or a silicon-containing compound, and the second silica component can act as a glue to bind the silica composite together.

Abstract: Methods for reinforcing chromium catalysts by the deposition of additional silica are disclosed herein. The resultant silica-reinforced chromium supported catalysts can be used to polymerize olefins to produce, for example, ethylene based homopolymers and copolymers with higher molecular weights and additional long chain branching.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of inhibiting polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers. The methods include distilling a vinyl aromatic monomer in a distillation column to form a vinyl aromatic monomer distillate; removing the vinyl aromatic monomer distillate from the distillation column; combining the vinyl aromatic monomer distillate with 4-tert-butylcatechol (TBC) to form a treated distillate; and adding a reflux liquid that includes the treated distillate to the distillation column liquid of the distillation column. An added oxygen gas may be present in a distillation column liquid in an amount of at least 1 ppmw, based on the weight of the vinyl aromatic monomer.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of inhibiting polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers. The methods include distilling a vinyl aromatic monomer in a distillation column to form a vinyl aromatic monomer distillate; removing the vinyl aromatic monomer distillate from the distillation column; combining the vinyl aromatic monomer distillate with 4-tert-butylcatechol (TBC) to form a treated distillate; and adding a reflux liquid that includes the treated distillate to the distillation column liquid of the distillation column. An added oxygen gas may be present in a distillation column liquid in an amount of at least 1 ppmw, based on the weight of the vinyl aromatic monomer.

Abstract: Methods for reinforcing chromium catalysts by the deposition of additional silica are disclosed herein. The resultant silica-reinforced chromium supported catalysts can be used to polymerize olefins to produce, for example, ethylene based homopolymers and copolymers with higher molecular weights and additional long chain branching.

Abstract: Methods for reinforcing chromium catalysts by the deposition of additional silica are disclosed herein. The resultant silica-reinforced chromium supported catalysts can be used to polymerize olefins to produce, for example, ethylene based homopolymers and copolymers with higher molecular weights and additional long chain branching.

Abstract: A composition comprising an extruded inorganic support comprising an oxide of a metal or metalloid, and at least one catalytically active metal, wherein the extruded inorganic support has pores, a total pore volume, and a pore size distribution, wherein the pore size distribution displays at least two peaks of pore diameters, each peak having a maximum, wherein a first peak has a first maximum of pore diameters of equal to or greater than about 120 nm and a second peak has a second maximum of pore diameters of less than about 120 nm, and wherein greater than or equal to about 5% of a total pore volume of the extruded inorganic support is contained within the first peak of pore diameters.

Abstract: A composition comprising an extruded inorganic support comprising an oxide of a metal or metalloid, and at least one catalytically active metal, wherein the extruded inorganic support has pores, a total pore volume, and a pore size distribution, wherein the pore size distribution displays at least two peaks of pore diameters, each peak having a maximum, wherein a first peak has a first maximum of pore diameters of equal to or greater than about 120 nm and a second peak has a second maximum of pore diameters of less than about 120 nm, and wherein greater than or equal to about 5% of a total pore volume of the extruded inorganic support is contained within the first peak of pore diameters.

Abstract: A composition comprising a support formed from a high surface area alumina and having a low angularity particle shape; and at least one catalytically active metal, wherein the support has pores, a total pore volume, and a pore size distribution; wherein the pore size distribution displays at least two peaks of pore diameters, each peak having a maximum; wherein a first peak has a first maximum of pore diameters of equal to or greater than about 200 nm and a second peak has a second maximum of pore diameters of less than about 200 nm; and wherein greater than or equal to about 5% of a total pore volume of the support is contained within the first peak of pore diameters.

Abstract: A composition comprising an extruded inorganic support comprising an oxide of a metal or metalloid, and at least one catalytically active metal, wherein the extruded inorganic support has pores, a total pore volume, and a pore size distribution, wherein the pore size distribution displays at least two peaks of pore diameters, each peak having a maximum, wherein a first peak has a first maximum of pore diameters of equal to or greater than about 120 nm and a second peak has a second maximum of pore diameters of less than about 120 nm, and wherein greater than or equal to about 5% of a total pore volume of the extruded inorganic support is contained within the first peak of pore diameters.

Abstract: A composition comprising an extruded inorganic support comprising an oxide of a metal or metalloid, and at least one catalytically active metal, wherein the extruded inorganic support has pores, a total pore volume, and a pore size distribution, wherein the pore size distribution displays at least two peaks of pore diameters, each peak having a maximum, wherein a first peak has a first maximum of pore diameters of equal to or greater than about 120 nm and a second peak has a second maximum of pore diameters of less than about 120 nm, and wherein greater than or equal to about 5% of a total pore volume of the extruded inorganic support is contained within the first peak of pore diameters.

Abstract: A composition comprising an extruded inorganic support comprising an oxide of a metal or metalloid, and at least one catalytically active metal, wherein the extruded inorganic support has pores, a total pore volume, and a pore size distribution, wherein the pore size distribution displays at least two peaks of pore diameters, each peak having a maximum, wherein a first peak has a first maximum of pore diameters of equal to or greater than about 120 nm and a second peak has a second maximum of pore diameters of less than about 120 nm, and wherein greater than or equal to about 5% of a total pore volume of the extruded inorganic support is contained within the first peak of pore diameters.

Abstract: A composition comprising an extruded inorganic support comprising an oxide of a metal or metalloid, and at least one catalytically active metal, wherein the extruded inorganic support has pores, a total pore volume, and a pore size distribution, wherein the pore size distribution displays at least two peaks of pore diameters, each peak having a maximum, wherein a first peak has a first maximum of pore diameters of equal to or greater than about 120 nm and a second peak has a second maximum of pore diameters of less than about 120 nm, and wherein greater than or equal to about 5% of a total pore volume of the extruded inorganic support is contained within the first peak of pore diameters.

Abstract: A composition comprising a support formed from a high surface area alumina and having a low angularity particle shape; and at least one catalytically active metal, wherein the support has pores, a total pore volume, and a pore size distribution; wherein the pore size distribution displays at least two peaks of pore diameters, each peak having a maximum; wherein a first peak has a first maximum of pore diameters of equal to or greater than about 200 nm and a second peak has a second maximum of pore diameters of less than about 200 nm; and wherein greater than or equal to about 5% of a total pore volume of the support is contained within the first peak of pore diameters.