Abstract: Surface modified substrates and related methods are provided. A substrate having a modified surface comprises a first region and a second region. The first region is located above the second region. The first region comprises an aluminum fluoride. The second region comprises an aluminum alloy. A concentration of the aluminum fluoride gradually decreases from the first region to the second region.

Abstract: Surface modified substrates and related methods are provided. A substrate having a modified surface comprises a first region and a second region. The first region is located above the second region. The first region comprises a nickel fluoride. The second region comprises a nickel alloy. A concentration of the nickel fluoride gradually decreases from the first region to the second region.

Abstract: Described are coatings that contain of fluorinated yttrium oxide and a metal oxide; methods of preparing these coatings; substrates, surfaces, equipment, and components of equipment that include a coating that contains a combination of fluorinated yttrium oxide and a metal oxide; and methods of preparing and using the coatings and coated substrates.

Abstract: Described are yttrium fluoride compositions, including deposited films, e.g., coatings, that contain yttrium fluoride; methods of preparing yttrium fluoride compositions and deposited film coatings that contain yttrium fluoride; as well as substrates that have a deposited film coating that contains yttrium fluoride at a surface and methods and equipment that include the substrates.

Abstract: Described are coatings that contain of fluorinated yttrium oxide and a metal oxide; methods of preparing these coatings; substrates, surfaces, equipment, and components of equipment that include a coating that contains a combination of fluorinated yttrium oxide and a metal oxide; and methods of preparing and using the coatings and coated substrates.

Abstract: Described are yttrium fluoride compositions, including deposited films, e.g., coatings, that contain yttrium fluoride; methods of preparing yttrium fluoride compositions and deposited film coatings that contain yttrium fluoride; as well as substrates that have a deposited film coating that contains yttrium fluoride at a surface and methods and equipment that include the substrates.

Abstract: A leash assembly designed to attach at least one waste holding device, such as a plastic bag, in such a manner that the plastic bag is able to swivel about and not get tangled as the dog moves from side to side. This eliminates the need of the person walking the dog to constantly move the leash from one hand to the other hand in order to prevent the waste bag from getting tangled. In other words, as the dog move in different directions the waste bag holding device is able to adjust its' position by swiveling about the device attached to the leash allowing the walker to have their hands free. The swivel can also be adapted to hold other items such as keys, extra bags for dog cleanup and hand wipes. All of these items would also be able to swivel about the device.

Abstract: A leash assembly designed to attach at least one waste holding device, such as a plastic bag, in such a manner that the plastic bag is able to swivel about and not get tangled as the dog moves from side to side. This eliminates the need of the person walking the dog to constantly move the leash from one hand to the other hand in order to prevent the waste bag from getting tangled. In other words, as the dog move in different directions the waste bag holding device is able to adjust its' position by swiveling about the device attached to the leash allowing the walker to have their hands free. The swivel can also be adapted to hold other items such as keys, extra bags for dog cleanup and hand wipes. All of these items would also be able to swivel about the device.

Abstract: A leash assembly designed to attach at least one waste holding device, such as a plastic bag, in such a manner that the plastic bag is able to swivel about and not get tangled as the dog moves from side to side. This eliminates the need of the person walking the dog to constantly move the leash from one hand to the other hand in order to prevent the waste bag from getting tangled. In other words, as the dog move in different directions the waste bag holding device is able to adjust its' position by swiveling about the device attached to the leash allowing the walker to have their hands free. The swivel can also be adapted to hold other items such as keys, extra bags for dog cleanup and hand wipes. All of these items would also be able to swivel about the device.