Abstract: A system and method for identifying viable refactorings of program code using a comprehensive test suite is presented. Program code is maintained, including program statements written in accordance with a programming language and defining operations executed following transformation into machine code. A test suite associated with the program code is specified and includes one or more additional program operations to determine satisfactory generation of expected results during the operations execution. A plurality of refactorings are speculatively applied to the program code by evaluating one or more of the program statements against a set of refactoring rules and restructuring the program statements pursuant to at least one refactoring rule. The test suite is executed against the program code following each restructuring of the program statements and each refactoring that passes the test suite is determined.

Abstract: A system and method for automatically identifying compound refactorings of program code through quantitative metric analysis is presented. Program code is maintained, including program statements written in accordance with a programming language and defining operations executed following transformation into machine code. Compound refactorings are built. The program code is refactored by evaluating one or more of the program statements against a compound refactoring including a set of one or more individual refactorings. The application of the refactorings to the program statements is validated for each evaluated refactoring. A quantitative measure is analyzed against a threshold to reflect a relative difference between the program statements prior to and after application of the refactorings.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for in vivo detection of the direction of Langer's lines in the skin. Light is irradiated into the skin as primary light at one defined site (7) identified through the epidermis (6) in such a way that it is transported in the skin (5) by scattering or absorption, while part of said irradiated light emerges from the skin as secondary light in the region surrounding the irradiated site. An amplitude-dependent property of secondary light emerging from the skin (5) around the irradiated site is measured in order to determine the preferential direction of the diffuse light transport in the skin (5) and, consequently, determine the orientation of Langer's lines thereof.