Abstract: A string inserter for a computer system having a graphical user interface and a pointer capable of interacting with a graphical user interface includes an insertion marker, an insertion initiater, and an insertion implementer. The insertion marker is displayed on a screen of the computer system at an insertion point in displayed text corresponding to a string of text information. The insertion initiater is operative to detect a selection of the insertion marker with a the pointer mechanism of the computer system and to provide an insertion menu on the screen that includes a number of insertion labels. The insertion implementer is responsive to a selection of an insertion label with the pointer and is operative to insert an insertion string corresponding to the selection into the string of text information.

Abstract: A user interface is disclosed that facilitates easy find and display operations that search through the memory of a pointer based computing system. The user interface includes searching methods that are particularly well suited for use in a computer system in which the contents of the memory are divided into a plurality of searchable application files that are each capable of containing a plurality of records. In one aspect of the invention an improved find dialog box is disclosed. In another aspect, a method of selecting local verses global searches together with a method of conducting the chosen search and processing user inputs in response to the search results is disclosed. Additionally, an improved interface for displaying the results of various searches is described.

Abstract: A method implemented on a hand-held computer system for tab access to a desired portion of a list of items includes displaying the list of items on a display screen of the hand-held computer system, displaying a plurality of tabs on the display screen, and receiving a selection input with a stylus on one of the plurality of tabs, wherein the list of items scrolls to the portion of the list having as a first item an item with a first character that corresponds to one of at least two reference characters on the selected tab.

Abstract: A method for searching the contents of a memory device for a pen-based computer system, where the contents of the memory device are organized as one or more files, where each file contains records, and where a file has an associated "button" proved on a surface of the housing of the computer system. The method includes the ,steps of: receiving a find-command from a user; receiving a selection search string from the user; searching the records of each file in the memory device for the search string; making a list of target files and the number of hits in each file; displaying indicators showing a summary of the list; and processing a user input with the summary. All of the records in all of the files are searched. The number of hits for each file are displayed.

Abstract: A method for correcting textual material recognized on a pen-based computer in accordance with the present invention includes the step of receiving an input on a screen of the computer system. The input is then recognized, and a bounding box defining the bounds of the input is defined. A determination of the intention and placement of the recognized input is then made according to the relationship between the bounding box of the recognized input and the bounding boxes of the already existing textual objects. When a substantial overlap is found of the recognized input with an existing textual object and the number of characters of the recognized input is less than a predetermined number, the recognized input is considered as an overwrite of the existing text. If the conditions are not met, the recognized input is considered as an insertion of a new textual object, i.e., a new word.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a variety of correction methods and systems are disclosed. A first method aspect of the present invention teaches a computer implemented correction method for correcting words and characters entered into a pointer based computer system. The correction method includes the step of receiving a selected word including at least one character, displaying the selected word within a boxed input corrector implemented on the pointer based computer system; receiving a correction input and performing an action indicated by the correction input. The action is determined by a type of the correction input, the types of correction inputs including character editing input, gesture input, navigation input, and external input generated by events external to the boxed input corrector.

Abstract: A method for formatting paragraphs on a screen of a computer system including the steps of: a) entering a word on a screen of a computer system using a pointing mechanism; b) finding an associated paragraph, if any, that the word is to be associated with; c) adding the word to the associated paragraph, if one exists; and d) starting a new paragraph with the word if there is not a closely related exiting paragraph. A newly-entered word can be added to an associated paragraph in basically four ways. The word can be added in a new line at the top of the paragraph, in a new line at the bottom of the paragraph, at the end of an existing line, or between words of an existing line. After a word has been entered, the text within the paragraph is repositioned as desired by the user, either implicitly or through an explicit command. For example, the words within a paragraph can be caused to "reflow" so that they are aligned between the left and right margins of the paragraph.

Abstract: A means and method for directly manipulating text on a computer display screen. A selected block of text is first identified for manipulation. After being identified, the selected block of text is highlighted on the display screen using contrasting colors or a reverse video. A text manipulation handle associated with the selected text block is displayed. The user may then directly manipulate the selected text block by positioning a cursor within the text manipulation handle and activating a signal generation device. When this occurs, the selected text block may be moved around the display screen while remaining visible using the cursor control device as long as the signal generation device remains active. A shadow image and insertion marker associated with the selected text block is displayed while the selected text block is moveable. A cutting or copying operation may be selected when the signal generation device is activated.

Abstract: A data input technique for a computer that provides the user with a historical list of potential choices for the data input is described. A historical list is displayed to the user so that the user can input data by selecting an item from the historical list being displayed. The historical list contains the most recently and/or frequently used data values for the data field that the user is inputting data. Preferably, the historical list is displayed over a form also being displayed that requires the data input into its one or more of its fields. By using the historical lists a user is able to enter data with a greater ease of use than previously obtainable. The historical can also be shared between different applications that execute on the computer system concurrently or at different times. By sharing the data between applications, the historical list becomes more useful and valuable to the user and thereby further improves the ease of use of the computer system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing computer-assisted implicit and explicit assistance. If no implicit assist actions are desired or indicated, a logical process is initiated to determine whether explicit assistance should be undertaken. If implicit assistance is indicated, a list of action alternatives is displayed for the user. If explicit assistance is desired by the user, particular object(s) from which the assistance may be inferred are entered into an assistance operation. An attempt is made to recognize possible intents expressed by the objects entered into the assistance process. If no user intent is, in fact, recognized, the assist operation is usually terminated. If a possible intent is recognized, the actual intent is hypothesized. A check is further undertaken, to determine whether a hypothesis is in fact available. If no hypothesis is found, the process permits the user to supply a proposed action. If no hypothesis is found and no user action is proposed, assistance efforts terminate.

Abstract: A user interface is disclosed that facilitates easy find and display operations that search through the memory of a pointer based computing system. The user interface includes searching methods that are particularly well suited for use in a computer system in which the contents of the memory are divided into a plurality of searchable application files that are each capable of containing a plurality of records. In one aspect of the invention an improved find dialog box is disclosed. In another aspect, a method of selecting local verses global searches together with a method of conducting the chosen search and processing user inputs in response to the search results is disclosed. Additionally, an improved interface for displaying the results of various searches is described.

Abstract: A method, in a digital computer having a display screen, for executing an application program in a backdrop mode that makes the application program non-removable from the display screen. The method includes the steps of designating the application program for execution in the backdrop mode and executing the application program. Further, the method includes the step of intercepting, using substitute subroutines external to the application program, selected data destined for the application program. The interception advantageously prevents the application program from responding to the selected data in a manner normally expected of the application program if the application program executes in a non-backdrop mode. The selected data that is intercepted includes data for causing the application program to quit execution.

Abstract: The present invention teaches a variety of event bounds adjustment methods and systems. The bounds of the event are defined by event parameters including an event start boundary, an event stop boundary, and an event duration, wherein the event start boundary and the event stop boundary may be tied to one another such that an event parameter interdependence exists.

Abstract: A method for deducing user intent and providing computer implemented services characterized by the steps of: a) noticing a significant new event occurring within the computer system; b) deducing an intent from the significant new event and from the context in which the new event occurred; and c) providing a service based upon the new event and its context. Significant events are those which the computer might be able to assist a user, and can be determined by matching the event into a database of recognizable events to make a significant observation. The deduction step takes a delimited set of significant observations and attempts to match the set against a number of intent templates. If there are multiple matches to the intent templates, the matches are ranked and a best guess is made to determine a deduced intent. Service is provided fulfilling all preconditions of a plan associated with the deduced intent, and by sequentially executing the steps of the plan.

Abstract: A gesture sensitive button for graphical user interfaces characterized by a digital computer, a screen coupled to the digital computer, a pointer mechanism used for pointing locations on the screen, a "button" image displayed on the screen, and a gesture recognizer for detecting gestures made on the screen by the pointing mechanism. The button is responsive to at least two different button gestures made on the screen on or near the button. A process implementing the gesture sensitive button of the present invention includes: providing a button image on a computer screen; detecting a gesture made on the screen by a pointer such as a stylus, mouse, or trackball; determining whether the gesture is associated with the button image; and initiating one of at least two processes if the gesture is associated with the button image. The gesture sensitive button conserves real estate on the computer screen by permitting a single button to control multiple functions and processes.

Abstract: A method for deleting objects displayed on the screen of a display assembly of a pointer based computer system is described. The method includes the steps of detecting a pointer created stroke and processing the stroke for gesture recognition. Thereafter, the processed stroke is checked to determine whether it meets the path definition requirements of a scrub gesture. In another step, a determination is made as to whether an object displayed on the screen has been selected. If an object is selected and the processed stroke meets the requirements of a scrub gesture, the selected object is deleted. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the selected object determining step includes the substep of determining whether any objects were preselected at the time the scrub gesture was made. When no suitable objects are preselected, a determination is made as to whether the scrub gesture substantially overlaps a displayed object. If a displayed object is substantially overlapped, it is selected for deletion.

Abstract: A pen-based system for reflowing handwritten ink objects is disclosed. The system divides the ink objects into paragraphs by identifying groups of ink objects separated from other groups by predefined distances. Each such paragraph is classified as either a graphics paragraph or a text paragraph; graphics paragraphs are formatted according to a graphics formatting protocol and text paragraphs are formatted according to a text formatting protocol. In addition, the system writes formatted paragraphs to destinations where they are displayed. The destination may be a screen on which the ink objects were originally written by a user and/or a printed page, a computer monitor, etc.

Abstract: A method characterized by the steps of: a) determining an action to be taken on an object on a computer screen which changes the status of the object; b) modifying the visual appearance of the object through animation to reflect the change in status; and c) automatically moving the modified object on the screen to indicate the disposition of the object. With a delete or "trashing" action, an object is crumpled on screen to indicate that the object has become trash, and the crumpled object is moved across the screen and into a trash can icon to indicate its final disposition. The apparatus of the present invention preferably includes a pen-based computer system, where a stylus may be used to select and activate the object on the screen.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for routing information with a pointer-based computer such as a pen-based computer. The routing actions may be faxing, printing, mailing (electronically), and beaming (by infrared light). The routed information may be document or other item produced by or associated with a particular application running on the computer. Routing actions that send items out of the computer system preferably are processed according to the following steps. First one or more menus or windows associated with the application of the document being routed are displayed on a display screen of the computer. At least one of these menus or windows contains a list of routing actions available to the application. The user selects one of these routing actions and, in some cases, provides additional information pertaining to the destination, format, etc. of the document being routed.

Abstract: A method for correcting recognized words in a computer system including the steps of: (a) entering an ink object into a computer system with a pointing device; (b) recognizing the ink object as a word object; (c) displaying the word object on a display of the computer system; (d) detecting a correction request made by a user pertaining to the displayed word object; and (e) displaying a list of alternative words for the word object on the display. Preferably, the list of alternative words includes a shifted-case version of the word object, a number of alternative words provided by a word recognizer, and the original ink object that was entered into the computer system. A user can select one of these alternative words to replace the misrecognized word object. Alternatively, a user may enter a word into the computer system by means of a keyboard image to replace the original word object with the newly entered word.