Abstract: Machines, processes and methods in relation to processing of waste, in particular food waste or organic waste are provided. Some embodiments of described machines, processes and methods include a drum to receive waste, mixing blades to process waste, a source of air that is rich in reactive oxygen species, an air flow system comprising a heater to circulate air through the drum, and sensors provided in the machine to monitor operating parameters. A control system is configured to control operation of the machine.

Abstract: A conventional cigarette packet in a transparent film of bi-axially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) with a tear tape for removing the film adhered to the inside of the film. The tear tape bears an indicium which is either hidden or which changes according to the viewing angle when the image is viewed through the film. The image on the tear tape may be scrambled or coded. The overwrap film includes a descrambling or decoding region which reveals the hidden image or renders the image visible when viewed through the overwrap portion, or creates the visual effect of changing the image according to the viewing angle. The descrambling or decoding region typically comprises a diffraction structure, such as a grating, the characteristics of which, such as its pitch, are complementary with the scrambled or coded image and/or with the pitch of any grid or matrix from which the image is composed.

Abstract: A conventional cigarette packet in a transparent film of bi-axially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) with a tear tape for removing the film adhered to the inside of the film. The tear tape bears an indicium which is either hidden or which changes according to the viewing angle when the image is viewed through the film. The image on the tear tape may be scrambled or coded. The overwrap film includes a descrambling or decoding region which reveals the hidden image or renders the image visible when viewed through the overwrap portion, or creates the visual effect of changing the image according to the viewing angle. The descrambling or decoding region typically comprises a diffraction structure, such as a grating, the characteristics of which, such as its pitch, are complementary with the scrambled or coded image and/or with the pitch of any grid or matrix from which the image is composed.

Abstract: A conventional cigarette packet in a transparent film of bi-axially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) with a tear tape for removing the film adhered to the inside of the film. The tear tape bears an indicium which is either hidden or which changes according to the viewing angle when the image is viewed through the film. The image on the tear tape may be scrambled or coded. The overwrap film includes a descrambling or decoding region which reveals the hidden image or renders the image visible when viewed through the overwrap portion, or creates the visual effect of changing the image according to the viewing angle. The descrambling or decoding region typically comprises a diffraction structure, such as a grating, the characteristics of which, such as its pitch, are complementary with the scrambled or coded image and/or with the pitch of any grid or matrix from which the image is composed.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for applying unique composite indicia or markings to a succession of articles, in which each unique composite indicium comprises two or more indicia. At least part of each of the indicia may be co-located at a predetermined location on the article with such co-location being unique or distinct for each composite indicium for each article. The indicium may be overprinted with one or more images, logos or color-schemes. A code (e.g. an alphanumeric string) that is stored in a database may be derived from the composite indicium from one or more mathematical properties. The code may be later accessed for identifying or verifying the article with the indicium.

Abstract: A graphically representable, machine readable code having first and second parts wherein the first part may be associated with data and a second part may be associated with the first part, such that a relationship between the parts, or lack thereof may be discerned by reading both parts of the code, in order to verify the authenticity of the code.

Abstract: A method of applying fiscal indicia, such as a tax stamp, to an article wherein the article is enclosed at least in part by a film packaging material with an associated tear tape, the tear tape comprising a base film of oriented thermoplastic having a coating of pressure sensitive adhesive on one side of the film and with a coating of release agent on an opposed side of the film and wherein the tear tape carries the fiscal indicia such as a tax stamp thereon.

Abstract: A conventional cigarette packet, which has been wrapped in a transparent film (12) of bi-axially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) in accordance with a known overwrapping technique. Adhered to the inside of the film (12) is a tear tape (14) for use in removing the film. The tear tape (14) bears an indicium which is either hidden and becomes visible by viewing the tear tape through the overwrap film (12) or else the appearance of which changes according to the viewing angle when the image is viewed through the film. The image in this case is the word GENUINE. The image on the tear tape may be scrambled or coded for example by dividing the image into a plurality of elements which may be arranged with respect to each other and/or with respect to a second image in a predetermined manner such as, for example, offsetting elements of the hidden image with respect to a grid or matrix from which a main image is composed.

Abstract: A method of applying fiscal indicia, such as a tax stamp, to an article wherein the article is enclosed at least in part by a film packaging material with an associated tear tape, the tear tape comprising a base film of oriented thermoplastic having a coating of pressure sensitive adhesive on one side of the film and with a coating of release agent on an opposed side of the film and wherein the tear tape carries the fiscal indicia such as a tax stamp thereon.

Abstract: A teartape (10) comprises a base film (12) of monoaxially oriented polypropylene, having on an upper side thereof a coating (14) of release agent, and having on a lower side thereof a coating of pressure sensitive adhesive (16). A printed image (18), in particular a fiscal indicium, is formed on the base film (12), which image extends substantially for the full width of the tape (10). A stripe (20) is printed on the base film (12), which stripe is narrower than the tape (10). The base film, adhesive (16) and release layer (14) are transparent so that the image (18) and strip (20) may be viewed through the tape. The image (10) is preferably complex and multicoloured, so as to be difficult to reproduce by a would-be counterfeiter.