Abstract: A filter element for filtering a particle-containing paint composition or a particle loading slurry composition which is a precursor to a particle-containing paint composition is provided. The filtration element comprises at least one filtration layer formed from woven polymer fibers and having substantially uniform pores and two spacer layers. The spacer layers have raised projections to create a space between adjacent spacer layers having contacting projections. The filtration element has a pleated or spirally wound configuration.

Abstract: A filter cartridge is provided which includes (a) a wound depth filter or a cylindrical seamless depth filter and (b) a pleated filter having a lower micron retention rating than the depth filter. The depth filter and pleated filter surround a central opening. The cartridge is sealed and an appropriate inlet or outlet is provided in order to assure sequential fluid flow first through the depth filter and then through the pleated filter.

Abstract: A filter element for filtering a particle-containing paint composition or a particle loading slurry composition which is a precursor to a particle-containing paint composition is provided. The filtration element comprises at least one filtration layer formed from woven polymer fibers and having substantially uniform pores and two spacer layers. The spacer layers have raised projections to create a space between adjacent spacer layers having contacting projections. The filtration element has a pleated or spirally wound configuration.

Abstract: A filter element for filtering a particle-containing paint composition or a particle loading slurry composition which is a precursor to a particle-containing paint composition is provided. The filtration element comprises at least one filtration layer formed from woven polymer fibers and having substantially uniform pores and two spacer layers. The spacer layers have raised projections to create a space between adjacent spacer layers having contacting projections. The filtration element has a pleated or spirally wound configuration.

Abstract: A new method and apparatus is described for conducting an integrity test on porous membranes and membrane filters and for conducting a pore-size characterization of membrane. The method and apparatus apply to membrane integrity tests and pore-size characterizations which are based on the dependence on the pore size of the pressure required to intrude a non-wetting, electrically conductive liquid into and through the pores. Electrical-measurement methods are described for identifying the pressure at which intrusion occurs.

Abstract: An emergency motor vehicle tire traction improving device for attachment or mounting to a conventional motor vehicle tire is made substantially totally of multi-strand polymeric plastic rope and includes three or more separate lengths of the rope connected together in a pattern that defines a ladder having inside and outside parallel, coextensive runners and a plurality of transverse rungs connecting corresponding points of the runners, whereby the device is mounted to the tire by drapping it over the tire with the runners parallel with the direction of rotation of the tire and the rungs across the tire treads, with one end of each runner connected to the other end thereof and an elastic device attached to one of the runners pulling that runner uniformly toward the axis of the tire. When so mounted to the tire, the tire traction, particularly on ice and snow, is improved.