Abstract: A radio frequency identification (RFID) tag device having a pulse position modulation (PPM) decoder circuit which calculates a relative frequency relationship between an internal oscillator of the RFID tag device and an external PPM source such as a RFID tag reader. The PPM decoder circuit is calibrated to the difference between the external PPM frequency source (i.e., RFID tag reader) and the internal clock-oscillator of the RFID tag device, which is performed in a single measurement during one calibration symbol period.

Abstract: A resistor is modified in accordance with a first adjustment. A voltage is measured at a particular temperature. The measured voltage is compared to the bounds of an initial range. If the voltage is outside the initial range, the first adjustment is changed and the measurement at the particular temperature is repeated. The resistor is modified in accordance with both the first adjustment and a second adjustment. The voltage is measured at a new temperature. If the voltage measured at the new temperature does not fall within a specific range, the second adjustment is changed and the measurement at the new temperature is repeated.