Abstract: A stationary area weapon effects simulator is mounted to the ceiling of a room in a building being assaulted by soldiers equipped with optical detectors and small arms weapons having small arms transmitters (SATs). Area effects weapon codes simulating the detonation of a grenade, bomb, artillery shell or chemical/biological weapon are encoded onto infrared signals emitted by a plurality of LEDs in the weapon effects simulator and these codes are logged in player units (DPCUs) carried by the soldiers. The simulated area weapon effects may be confined to particular angular zones and this zone information may also be encoded onto the infrared emissions. An alternate embodiment utilizes a stationary locator in a room which only emits infrared signals with location information encoded in the same which are logged by the player unit.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining the range from a vehicle to a plurality of reference points. In one system a mobile transceiver is located on the vehicle for transmitting a ranging interrogation signal pulse modulated on an RF carrier having a given frequency in response to a timing pulse and for receiving ranging response signal pulses modulated on RF carriers having the given frequency. A plurality of reference transponders are individually located at each of the plurality of reference points for receiving the timing pulse and the ranging interrogation signal pulse on a carrier having the given frequency and for responding thereto by transmitting a ranging response signal pulse on a carrier having the given frequency during an interval that is discrete from the intervals during which ranging response signal pulses are transmitted from the other reference transponders.